Helium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Helium - Essay Example Nobel Prize winners in Physics like R. Richardson with colleagues Osheroff and Lee, nevertheless, points out the essential features of ‘helium’ and the reasons which are worth startling the public to the extent of agreeing that expensive costs be imposed on helium for the sustenance of MRIs, fiber optics, rockets, and other machines that hold special vitality in supporting human lives and activities. Where does helium come from? (in geographical, political and economic terms, as much as the chemical origins). Basically, Sun is the primary source of helium, one of the most stable elements, which is yielded through hydrogen fusion reactions in the solar system whereas on Earth, the radioactive decay of massive elements which are chiefly thorium and uranium over billions of years is found to cause helium formation beneath the Earth’s surface. Along with natural gas, the helium produced exudes out of large rock cavities under low pressure into the atmosphere which has approximately five parts of helium per 100,000 parts of air (Lansing, 1995). In 1868, spectrometer was first used to examine the Sun’s chromospheres during a solar eclipse in India where the resulting spectrum confirmed quantities of hydrogen including yellow stripes which were alleged to characterize sodium element. Unconvinced by the initial hypothesis, French astronomer Janssen further investigated on the matter and was able to disclose the truth about the stripes as beyond the traits of sodium but were most likely part of an unknown element’s identity. On a separate intensive research conducted by Lockyer and  Frankland, Janssen’s results proved that due to its ‘bright yellow stripe’, the element could not have originated from the earth after which  Frankland proposed to call it â€Å"helium† coming from the Greek word â€Å"Helios† meaning Sun. Similar findings were revealed through a range of spectra of other stars that comp rised the yellow stripes whereas Palmieri observed them in gases erupting from Mt. Vesuvius back in 1882. It was not until 1895 that the studies of helium became more meaning when Sir  William Ramsay  treated a Norwegian ore (cleveite) with acids which yielded evolution of helium gas. Hence, the appearance of the yellowish streak in the experiment marked the certainty that on our planet, helium does exist. After nearly two decades, around the same time radium came to be known, scientists had undergone another batch of efforts that would lay foundations for an understanding of helium as a radioactive substance (Helium, History). Geographical findings indicate that the United States, specifically Texas, makes the world’s largest manufacturer of helium despite the valuable presence of helium extraction facilities in Algeria, Russia, and China. Being distilled from  the natural gas  that contains appreciable quantity of uranium and thorium to undergo radioactive decomposi tion, the helium formed is normally derived from rare circumstances of alpha-particle capture occurring underground at considerable depths (Deakin, 2010). Helium is opulently recovered from a region in Amarillo, Texas or the Texas panhandle within a perimeter of 400-km radius and this accounts for a major resource amount that sustains different parts of the world with their helium requirement (Edwards, 2004). Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma are also states of origin responsible for contributing small percentages of helium throughout all nations (ScienceDaily). What are the major uses of helium and why are existing reserves irreversibly declining? Several applications of Helium has have been made possible due to the element’s distinct chemical and physical properties such as low boiling point, low

Ethical, legal, and social responsibility issues that your topic Research Paper

Ethical, legal, and social responsibility issues that your topic raises - Research Paper Example It is usually hard to choose whether to apply these unethical conditions because despite the challenges they face, it can be beneficial to the organization. It can lead to lower variable costs and increase in company profits. It is very important that executive members of organizations such as senior managers and supervisors equip themselves with ethical knowledge and skills. These would come handy when they face ethical dilemma on whether to use appropriate employee working conditions or not (Crowther, 43). When deciding on whether to change the current working conditions, it is important to research if the issue is serious and if it harms stakeholders of the organization. These stakeholders include employees, families of employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers and the society that neighbors the organization. Some of the issues such as hiring fewer employees are small problems that can be sort out internally. Large issues such as massive pay cut of employee salaries or exposing employees to health hazards put the reputation of the organization down. If the issue is very serious, junior managers should take it upon their responsibility to pass it to a senior manager or any officer with a high authority. It takes great courage when it comes to managers voicing personal values on ethical issues of employee working conditions. Not every organization executive share the same beliefs and values, but understanding and knowing ones values puts them at an advantage when dealing with ethical dilemma that may arise in the organization. Several steps should be considered before organizations change their employee working conditions. First, it should ask itself how it feels about the particular issue. It should then have its intentions to be for the greater good .Next; the organization should evaluate and consider its power in the specific industry that it carries its operations. After this, the organization can then weigh the risk and benefits of its action.

How did the Roman Republic become the Roman Empire Research Paper

How did the Roman Republic become the Roman Empire - Research Paper Example The Roman Empire owes its expansion to able rulers who ruled with autocracy. The Roman Empire was able to stand for that long because of the religious believes of the Romans. This is because they believed in their supreme deity Jupiter. They believed Jupiter granted them limitless empire. Thus they believed that the whole world should be under their rule perhaps this explain their endless effort to extend their empire. Latin language was the universal language and this provided cohesion. The Roman Empire was so big that it is can be equated with 40 countries of nowadays. It extended from north England, Asia, Africa and Mediterranean. It is also important to note that it has not been smooth ceiling for the Romans in the transition from a republic to an empire. This is because this transition was characterized civil wars as people were against the extension. The Roman Empire had diverse cultures since it existed and controlled many people. The rulers had to adjust to give everyone free dom of worship. Their style of ruling has had a large contribution to the modern politics. Their religion too has affected the way people worship. An example is the Roman Catholic Church. This religion came into existence because of the Christian rulers who ascended to power. The advancement of Roman Empire in such a quick way was because they had military prowess. There was no nation at that time that matched the military prowess of the Romans. They conquered almost the whole of Europe, Asia, Mediterranean, Persia and Egypt. Despite their military prowess, they were unable to conquer Germany. This is because the Germans resisted their advancement. The Germans were decentralized as opposed to other communities that were centralized hence it was difficult to subdue the Germans. This later led to the collapse of the Roman Empire. There were several reasons that made Roman Empire to rise and dominate the largest empire in the world for so long. The first reason is the naval dominance. The Romans dominated the coastline for long. This ensured that they had military or naval advantage since they could locate approaching enemies from far, thus giving them time to prepare. They were also able to deploy their army with ease along the coastline hence giving them military advantage. The naval dominance also was lucrative. This is because they were able to control trade as they controlled the coastline. This enabled them to amass wealth from proceeds of trade. Their success in naval dominance came after the defeat of Carthage by Romans in the Punic war, which gave the Romans the chance to control fully the Mediterranean. The Romans further used appeasement to advance. This is because they ensured that the local were satisfied to reduce military work. They gave the locals freedom of worship and allowed them to observe their culture. This ensured that military concentrated on further advancement of the empire rather than using them for controlling the local thus, they were able to reduce drain on military. The other reason is that the Romans provided political stability and promoted commerce. The people under the Roman Empire received protection from enemies by strong military. They ensured there was free trade and they provided unitary currency to ease transactions. With this, they ensured that the locals were happy to reduce internal conflict. In fact, few people in the Roman Empire were below poverty line. The other reason

Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crisis Management - Essay Example Therefore, in an attempt to secure the countries against the harmful effects of floods, various governments have formulated tsunami management plans. These plans are meant to provide the course of action necessary to ensure a sound business continuity management when the business is subjected to risks by natural disasters like cyclones, floods, earthquakes or tsunamis. This paper discusses the tsunami management systems as developed in different countries in general with specific reference to the one employed in the United Kingdom (UK). Also, the roles and responsibilities of the government, media and the local community are analyzed in relation to the subject matter. The European states have taken a step further beyond providing protection against tsunamis by developing Flood Risk Management (FRM) System. (www.floodsite.net, 2007). The system fundamentally comprises three phases as identified by (www.apfm.info, 2005) given as follows: Practically, the advance preparation phase in the underdeveloped countries heavily relies on empirical methods of judging the possibility of tsunamis. The methods include but are not limited to observing behavior of the animals, water levels in dams and rivers and rains. Such notions persist in less educated societies in which a vast majority of people do not understand the technical language in which the flood forecasts are broadcast. However, history proves that their beliefs should not be underestimated. (Mott, 2005) mentioned in that prior to the tsunami of 2004, a strange change in the mood of zoo animals was noticed. The outdoor animals were observed screaming and running for higher grounds and the pets refused to move outdoors. (Mott, 2005). The risk conscious societies of the modern age are moving toward the development of a community based approach. The Community Flood Management Committee (CFMC) assesses factors needed to reduce the chances of tsunami occurrence and lays d own the

Wal-Mart's Growth Plan in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wal-Mart's Growth Plan in China - Case Study Example The case starts with a brief history of how Wal-Mart was formed and the strategy it employed to grow under the radar of big retailers and never come in direct competition with them. It talks about the reasons of success of wall mart - everyday low prices, customer focus, and relentless cost control, partnership with suppliers and unrivalled distribution and logistics management. After giving details how Wal-Mart become a huge success in USA; the case goes on to describe its China venture. It takes us through the history of retail market in China. It talks about retail being a centrally controlled business to the phase wise opening up of the sector to foreign players. In the end the case talks about many challenges being faced by Wal-Mart in China such as income disparity , local protectionism , infrastructural deficiencies , regulatory restrictions , lack of IT infrastructure and the different consumer behaviour of Chinese consumers than their counterparts in North America. The case makes us ponder over these difficulties being faced by Wal-Mart even after 10 years of starting operations in China. 1) Everyday Low prices -This strategy of Wal-Mart was able to win a large number of customers. It helped in successfully addressing customer's disappointment in constantly changing shelf prices. More important than the promise was Wal-Mart's ability to meet this promise every time. 2) Customer is No.1 - Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart ensured that customer was treated respectfully by his employees and provided great customer service. The company came up with Sam's ten rules which became the corner stone of great customer service at Wal-Mart. 3) Small Town Locations - During the initial growth phase, Wal-Mart grew under the competition's radar. They operated in these towns which were considered as unviable by big retailers at that time. 4) Relentless Cost Control - Saving was given as much importance in Wal-Mart as was creating a sale. Wal-Mart relentlessly tried to cut costs to pass on the benefits to the customer. 5) Partnership With Suppliers - Wal-Mart provided big volumes to its suppliers but extracted a lot from them. It was always trying to push them to cut costs. Many processes being followed by suppliers were modified by Wal-Mart in order to reduce costs. 6)Unrivalled Distribution and Logistics Management - The IT infrastructure of Wal-Mart was connected with its suppliers in order to ensure that constant update on inventory requirements reach the customer. It followed Just in time approach and utilized cross docking method to reduce inventory of its stores. In analysing the Wal-Mart case we have used the long cycle process framework. The case analyses starts with identifying the major issues that Wal-Mart faces and have then gone on to analyse the same and find solutions in the last phase. Issues faced by Wal-Mart in China. 1) Immediate Issues. A) Market Segmentation Large amount of income disparities in China. The coastal regions have very high per capita income of 2117 $ where the inner and western regions have significantly less purchasing power as can be seen

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Assignment Example (15 reasons, n.d) Another good form of enhancing and staging presence of the product and company over the internet is by selecting various other forms of advertising available online. Some of the important ones are social networking websites, search engine optimization, banners (paid advertising), linking strategies, public relations. i) Social network websites: This is one of the recent forms of online advertising, here website like face book, twitter etc are used to gain exposure and online presence. The use of sponsored videos in you tube will also attract site traffic. ii) Search engine optimization: Today there are hundreds of millions of websites and only about 10-20 % of the websites are ever really indexed, therefore it is important for the optimization of web pages with key words and phrases, different types of software are available for search engine positioning.(Ralph ,2000) iii) Banners (paid advertising): These graphical or animated promotions on websites advertise products in a very stimulating manner. The incorporation of this in the advertising strategy will help a great deal. Sites like you tube, google and other gaming websites will help in reaching targeted audience and increasing traffic on the desired website. (Banner ads) iv) Linking Strategies: This basically means that more links pointing to the website there more traffic generated and the greater the popularity the higher the rank in the search engines. The monetary input in quite expansive. v) Public Relations: Attaining of several press releases and coverage through print or internet publications will help boost traffic many folds over, this nature is mostly free and has proved to be very effective. (Ralph ,2000) Activation: This website is not very interactive, it does not possess options such as detailed information on the product, options to purchase,

Africana studies final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africana studies final assignment - Essay Example Thereafter, the European powers struggled to create a sphere of influence for themselves in Africa. These European powers used various methods to acquire these colonies of which were falsehood to the Africans. They included signing of treaties between African and Europeans, which were vague and were to the advantages of Europeans. They used of force, which used military occupation, for example, Ashanti by British, use missionaries and collaboration. Economic, social and political reasons led acquisition of Africa (Shreuder 90). First, Africa came under colonization for economic reasons as an option for abolition of slave trade. Europe had to have an alternative trade commodity from Africa. Africa was rich in minerals, fertile lands for agriculture and cheap labor. Agrarian revolution and industrialization of the mid-19th century caused European power to rethink about Africa. They needed to increase sources of raw materials for their growing industries. Africa was a rich source of raw materials including iron ore, copper, palm oil, rubber and cotton. Furthermore, these European powers wanted extended markets for their manufactured goods. As consequence, they needed to expand their market in Africa. In addition to this, they wanted to have a share in African trade in gold, ivory and slaves. Some of the European powers established settlements and started cash crop farming and livestock keeping, for example, the Dutch settled in Kenyan highlands. Other than the coast, they began to establish trade contacts wit h long distance traders from the interior where they exchanged items of trade. For these reasons, each European power wanted to secure or safeguard their commercial motivations by exercising political control the over sources of raw material and markets (Okoth 44). Europeans invaded Africa for humanitarian reasons. Other than spreading Christianity, missionaries came to Africa to establish schools as means to civilize Africans and to provide health or medical