Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Built Environment

Strategies for Achieving sustainable Built milieu brawn constraint and global warming atomic number 18 becoming the f solely upon challenges encountered by the population today. Major amount of energy is cosmos employ by the mental synthesis sector for achieving babys dummyable thermal conditions. Fifty per penny of energy consumption is due to constructions. (Melet, n.d., p.06). Demand for aptitude is increasing rapidly. The U.S. Energy In physiqueation brass section (EIA) in its (IEO, 2011) International Energy Outlook 2011 states that world energy consumption grows by 53% from 2008 to 2035. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. It studies and broadcasts energy learning to make proper decisions regarding energy efficiency, public empathizeing of energy custom and proper policymaking. (EIA, September 19, 2011). Sustainable and climate responsive architecture offers viable term inations to these challenges.Since the pre-industrial era spherical warming is one of components which led to Environmental Degradation. Global warming which has risen by 0.7C since the last 300 age is likely to be increased by up to 8C by 2050 according to the (IPCC, 2007). IPCC i.e. intergovernmental panel on climate change is a leading organisation for the assessment of climate change. It likewise states that almost 90% of the warming in the decent hug drugs is ca drug ab exercised by energy related kind-hearted activities, mainly because of CO2 emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels. (IPCC Fourth mind Report, 2007). and then in that respect is a involve for urgent action to design buildings to value us from the effects of climate change and global warming.We fill to manage from where we ar coming to fill out where we are going- Charles Correa.There is a drive to transform the past knowledge to act as a gas pedal for the future. Tradition and Modernity are t wo sides of the same coin and must be dealt with simultaneously. Some of the Architects who have utilize this into practicality are given. Hassan Fathy did not use any hi-techniques of air-conditioning, instead according to him it is very valuable to cartoon and understand natural physical properties of heat, wind and water which are the natural milieu controls. It is very important to know how native materials foot be meliorate and developed via newborn techniques, to meet the present day needs. Francisco Bobby Maosa feels that prejudices against old(a) materials female genitalia be overcome and exciting new possibly sess be created. Charles Correa via his design philosophy of transfer and transformation re-integrates many one-time(a) fundamental ideas, into his modern font designs, which recognises the problems of today, yet show a deep consider for Indias kitchen-gardening and tradition. (Pearson, 1994, p.122-124).The new Architecture has its roots deep in bevel tr adition, which is rich in messages that are becoming more and more germane(predicate) to our time- messages that help us remember humility and a belonging to the state (Pearson, 1994, p.08). For 100 of years common builders have managed to build victimisation petite amount of available energy resources without affecting the surrounding surroundings, thus using it in a sustainable manner. These practices should be used in the un melodyal architectural practice of today, which are accountable for Environmental crisis.In the middle of great technological, milieual and semipolitical change over the past decades, the cant has become spicyly relevant over the past decades either as a technological example, or as a politically strategical element. Given that architecture is inevitably connected to technological developments, environmental issues and political change, bevel architecture has thus become a central judgment in Architectural theory and Practice. (Arboleda, n.d.).In troductionThe assessment of energy and comfort conditions is the most important figure in determining the architectural process. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the most important reflexion of sustainable design. hitherto climate and environmental conditions play a field of honor role in a building design. The main purpose of figure a building is to create suitable condition for forgiving comfort. traditional builders used limited and naturally available materials to achieve comfort and climate was the major contrisolelying factor in traditional building techniques. repayable to the ever growing global concern, use of energy and limitation of resources it is the responsibleness of an architect to design buildings which are sustainable.For creating sustainable building it is very congenital to ascertain the basics from where this science originated. There therefore arises a need to look back in the past as how our ancestors built their sustain homes taking care of function, religion, social and spiritual values and above all adapting to the climate for making a comfortable living. So it is very important to ascertain from the past traditional structures built by our ancestors without the use of modern technology and to make use of it in the present scenario for making sustainable built environment.The arena of history of idiom buildings has demonstrated throughout that the buildings have prominent sustainability, whilst fanciful architectural forms do not they are enjoyable and are to preserve the heathen messages they convey. (Ryan, 2011, p.51).According to (Arboleda, n.d.), over the last decade pious platitude studies have become established in the mainstream architectural colloquy due to the following 3 reasonsGlobal Communication technologies Since the 1960s there has been a great awareness among architects because of the easy and extensive access to the knowledge of traditional communitiesGlobal Environmental Crisis Contempora ry interest in this take apart has arisen due to resource depletion, global warming and energy crisis.Global political science Vernacular Architecture is a valuable tool in the ethno politics. It is a key in ethnicalally sensitive projects, thus maintaining the heathenish identity. due(p) to these ethno sensitive programs traditional elements are used in the making of new structures but by modernizing or re-engineering it, thus making it modern Vernacular or neo-Vernacular.The Meaning of Vernacular ArchitectureThe term vernacular originates from the Latin volume vernaculus which means local, natural or original developed from Verna, subject matter native slave or home-born slave.The numbers of factors which define a vernacular building are based upon time immemorial building techniques, use of naturally available materials, also location of the buildings and its usage. It is passed on by the word of mouth, and materials which are readily available. In addition it is a system invented by the local craftsmen and occupier. Vernacular Architecture can also be called as a structure created by an amateur without any education in this type of designing method. Thus it is a traditional method of building which is passed on from generation to generation. The method of constructing is based upon traditional practices and techniques. It is usually built with the help of family, clan or builders in the tribe and reveals a high level for craftsmanship and quality. The function of the building is the most governing factor followed by aesthetic consideration and use of local materials.Geographic environment is a very important factor seen in a distinctive Vernacular building a sloping roof surface is do to bear the rainfall, a circular nominate form to oppose cyclonical winds, a thick flat mud roof for cooler indoor space and to take out the heat of the solarize, an inner courtyard for feed space. In hot and dry climates, for example, buildings were shaded to av oid unbearable summer sun by tall vegetation, rock overhangs, or, in flat deserts, the courtyard building form. They were placed such that they could also receive the pleasant warmth of the pass sun. (Pearson, 1994, p.95). This shows that vernacular methods are the most traditional method of building structures which are responsive to climate.Factors leading to development of Vernacular formVernacular buildings are human constructs which are results of the interrelation between ecological, economical, material, political and social factors. (Asquith, L and Vellinga, M (Ed.),2006, p.110) bakers remarkable work is seen from the way he uses environment, traditional methods, comfort, culture and technology in his kit and boodle. (Bhatia, 1991 ,p.3)There is an overlapping of traditional techniques of climatic conditions and vernacular styles. Historically, practical devices were slowly embellished and generalised through repetition to become a part of an architectural vocabulary, a pro cess Charles Correa describes one of the generating forces of architecture. Charles Correa tries to incorporate cultural values and traditional techniques in his process of designing considering the lifestyles of Indian people. (Hagan, 2011, p.116)Tadao Andos works shows compositions, which consists of mainly use of simple forms and visible use of concrete material. In most of his works the use of character, space, character, climate, weather, and cultural screen background can be clearly seen. He believed that when greenery, water and light is abstracted through nature the form becomes sacred. (Nute, 2004, p.86,87,88)Vernacular architecture is influenced a lot by human behaviour and environment, leading to dissimilar building forms for every different context. Thus from the above references it is clear that there are various factors which lead to the origin of Vernacular form modalityMaterials and technology intent featuresReligion economic scienceSocio-cultural considerationsTh e factors which directly regulate the form areClimateSocio-cultural considerationsReligionThe factors which indirectly relate show that they restrict the evolution of form but do not essentially regulate the formMaterials and technologySite featurespolitical economyMaterials and technology It does not necessarily define the form of a phratry. Even if same material and technology is used in a concomitant society yet the forms would vary depending upon the function and culture as well.Site Consideration Site features whitethorn restrict the tin form but it does not decide the form. On similar site different house forms can be seen whereas on different sites similar house can be seen.Economics The economy may affect the size of the house or type of materials and techniques used but does not affect the form. A society with same economic conditions may have different house forms due to socio-cultural values. Due to different views and thoughts people with similar economy may choose di fferent house forms.Religion Religion cannot totally larn the form alone but plays a direct influence in its evaluation. Religion can have a strong influence on the form, plan, spatial arrangements and orientation of the house. Many houses are built according to spiritual influence of the society.Socio-Cultural Factors Socio-cultural or traditional methods of using a place can have direct effect on deciding the form of house. both(prenominal) physical and socio-cultural aspects affect the form. The physical setting may rear several(prenominal) possibilities but actual choice gets restricted due to cultural factors.Climate It is the most important factor in determining the form. Due to different climate in different countries the form is found to be similar. The inadequate thermal performance of the building in spite of using technologically advanced environment systems suggests that one needs to consider the physical environment while generating a building form.Aim To canvas V ernacular architecture in achieving Sustainable Built Environment for Contemporary structures.ObjectiveTo study the origin of traditional houses and examine its sustainability.To study traditional building material, their sustainability and the job with modern architecture.To study thermal performance of Vernacular building materials.To study the role of Building regulation in the sustainability of traditional building construction.enquiry QuestionHow can traditional methods of architecture be incorporated in modern buildings?How can the revival of the vernacular in the present coeval architecture help it to become more sustainable inheriting cultural roots?MethodologyAlthough Vernacular Architecture is emerging as a very developing area of study, still much needs to be done theoretically, metholdologically and through recording and backup, before applying it to twenty-first century. (Asquith, L and Vellinga, M (Ed.),2006, p.03)Following are the methodologies used for the researc h.Literature Review To read and analyse in depth more or less Vernacular Architecture using many of sources which includes digital media, web sources, books, published journals in related disciplines, scholarly articles and published papers.Qualitative Survey Using Live event Studies Conducting the Case study using Collecting the Evidence method is used here. (Yin, 2003, p.83) Sources of Evidences which bequeath be used here are as follows.Historical documentation- This type of documentation can be done by using entropy peaceful through local libraries or other reference centres. The documents could be proposals, keep reports, internal records, newspaper clippings and other articles appearing in mass media or in newsletters.Interviews- It is the most important part of the case study. Structured Questions will be used as a type of reference along the lines of a formal survey. Such survey can be knowing as a part of case study and produce soft data as a part of the case st udy. (Yin, 2003, p.91). here(predicate) interviews with building industry professionals will take place (if the project is complete) or interview of workers or managers (if the site is an on-going project). Post occupancy questionnaire will be active for the present occupiers of the site to know their perception of the site. Post occupancy evaluations provide an indication of major successes and failures in a buildings performance. They can be used to improve and explain the performance of a building and are usable not only to the occupants and owners but also to the designers, who can learn about both their mistakes and successes and can apply these findings to future projects.Direct Observation- It includes field visits to know some relevant behaviour or environmental conditions. Observational try out is often efficacious in providing information about the site.Physical Artefact- Here it could comprise of material being used on the site or any other physical evidence to find out the sustainability of the structure.Analysing Case study Evidence- While analysing the interviews and the questionnaire some common topics will be listed and a checklist will be prepared and the selected case studies will be evaluated against the topics in a checklist.Reporting Case Studies A standard approach called elongated analytical Structure will be used here. It consists of findings from the data undisturbed and closedowns and implications from these findings.Work PlanWeeksActivity1-2Literature review Understanding the background of the topic reading various books, journal articles etc.3-6Historical Documentation Collecting data from various sources on vernacular Architecture.7-9Case study It includes both interviews and field work which could be done simultaneously.9-12Compilation of data Review all the collected data, edit and compile it and re-phrasing it in the form of a detailed dissertation report.Possible OutcomeThe main aim of the research is to manifest and pr ove that Vernacular architecture is a solution for todays Sustainable Design principles. The vernacular architectural studies will provide useful insights for designing contemporaneous structures by taking evidences form the Vernacular structures of the past.It also aims to look into strategies which could be cost effective in construction and specification.The net outcome will be in a form of conclusion report from the case studies which will help in designing contemporary structure using climate responsive design concepts.ReferencesArboleda, Gabriel.(n.d.). Traditional, vernacular and ethnic architectures from http//www.vernaculararchitecture.com/Asquith,L., Vellinga,M.(Ed.). (2006). Verncaular Architecture in the twenty-first century theory, education and practice. Abingdon, Oxon., USA and Canada Taylor and Francis.Bhatia, Gautam.(1991). Laurie Baker life, work, writtings. New Delhi, India.,London, UK.,USA, Victoria, Australia., Ontario,Canada.,Aukland,Newzealand Penguin books. Eia Independent statics and Analysis U.S. energy information administration. (september 19, 2011) from http//www.eia.gov/forecast/ieo/index.com/Mellet, Ed. (n.d.). Sustainable Architecture Towards a diverse built environment NAI Publishers.Nute,K.(2004). Place, time and being in Japanese architecture. New Felter lane, London., USA and Canada Routhedge.Pearson, David. (1994). Earth to spirit in search of natural architecture. London, U.K. Gaia Books limited.Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., Vander, Linden., Hanson, C.E. (Ed.). Climate Change 2007 Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge university stub out from http//www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_wg2_report_impacts_adaptation_and_vulnerability.htmRyan, Carol. (2011). Traditional construction for Sustainable Future. Abingdon, Oxon., USA and Canada Spon Press.Susannah, Hagan. (2001). Taking shape A new contract between Architecture and Nature.Jordan, Oxford Architectur al Press.Yin, R.K.(2003). Case study Research Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, California., London, UK., New Delhi, London Sage take Inc.