Death Penalty: the Christian View

In intimately every society, in that location argon curses and violations of pitying rights. To deal with these things, on that point atomic number 18 laws that prescribe the prevention of their occurrences. However, if the law is broken, able penalization is put on the violator. Depending on the seriousness of the crime, the penalisation whitethorn be light much(prenominal) as imprisonment for up to unity year with corresponding fines, or it could in addition be severe as terminal punishment. Capital punishment or wipeout penalty is normally chafferd on mortals who committed heinous crimes and are those that endanger the synthetic rubber of the society.Some countries and societies implement working detonator punishment while others do non. thither are mixed lands for this policy of countries, including the social resume on the death penalty and the prevailing religious view in the society among others. cardinal of the foremost arguments for the lie of d eath penalty is that it acts as a bank check for heinous crimes. Most societies throughout history maintain used crown punishment. G everywherenments have in any case used this extensively to execute persons that do not conform to the laws and upriseards of conduct in the society.Throughout history, heavy(p) punishment was also used to suppress political dissent and to preserve the prevailing fellowship in the society. Nowadays, the death penalty is being imposed on detonator crimes such as t under houseing against the evince, espionage, and butcher. In other countries, crimes that are of informal nature such as rape, sodomy, and adultery are also penal by death. Human trafficking, plunder and corruption, as well as medicine trafficking are also punishable by death in other countries. The foremost reason being given for the imposition of nifty punishment is its power to warn crimes.The argument says that if heinous crimes are punishable by death, would-be perpetrators of such crimes would protect their lives and they will not commit heinous crimes. On the part of the victims of such crimes, they also receive justice and pay for the injury through the groovy punishment. On the other hand, capital punishment is a lot less expensive than life imprisonment (Paternoster, 1991). thither are a lot of debates surrounding the imposition of capital punishment. some all countries in Europe, as well as in the peaceable area, and LatinAmerica have abolished capital punishment in the ready of respecting and protecting human rights. There are clam up a abundant bout of countries that hold it, however. The unify States Federal government with 36 States has retained it. Brazil imposes capital punishment and during wartime while countries in Asia and Africa also retained it. Notably, South Africa does not have capital punishment in spite of the high incidence of violent crimes such as murder and rape. South Korea no longer imposes capital punishment, as well as Uzbekistan, because it was not being used for a long time.A number of individuals, organizations, and human rights advocates object to the imposition of capital punishment. The questions they raise concern the durability of capital punishment in deterring crimes. Moreover, there is al counselings the mishap that the exculpatory person will be sentenced to death. Once the penalty is imposed, it tail no longer be und angiotensin converting enzyme even if a separate investigating will render the accuse as innocent from the crimes. There are also a number of instances in which minority hosts are discriminated against in imposing capital punishment.Minority groups usually have lesser entre to the best lawyers. As such, they run the greater risk of being proclaimed guilty for the crimes for which they are accused. With capital punishment, once death penalty is imposed, it is final. The person will have no chance to reform his ways or redeem his actions. He has been condemn ed by the courts to be forever separated from the stay of the society. In the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations in 2007, the UN passed a liquidation calling for the universal ban on capital punishment.This resolution asked the member-states of the UN to impose a moratorium on imposing the death penalty with the eventual visualize of abolishing capital punishment. This resolution was made in recognition of the human rights of accused criminals and the possibility of redemption and change. Various religions also have varied responses to capital punishment. Even a particular denomination or religious group may not have a unified stand regarding capital punishment. Religious sentiments do play a significant part in the views of people regarding capital punishment.The Bible is replete with various passages that may come along to support or condemn capital punishment. The octogenarian Testament, particularly, is based upon a morality of teeth against teeth and life for life . The books of laws of the Old Testament in reality prescribe stoning to death the persons who commit serious crimes against deity and against the community. A number of biblical scholars have considered the part of the Ten Commandments that say You shall not kill as a prohibition against individual cases of murder (The Ryrie story Bible, Exodus 2013).In the first place, the messiahian doctrine believes that creation are created in the image of immortal. As such, a serious crime against another person is also a crime against God. In the Old Testament, premeditated murder was sufficient reason for the death penalty (Numbers 3531, 33). Moreover, in Genesis 96, it can be read that whoever sheds the credit neckcloth of man, by man shall his blood be shed. St. Thomas doubting Thomas also published his thoughts regarding capital punishment.He said that the civil rulers execute, right and sinlessly, pestiferous men in order to protect the peace of the state (Summa Contra Gentiles , III, 146). Furthermore, St. Thomas Aquinas talked about the need to impose death penalty on the crime doers. The fact that the evil, as long as they live, can be corrected from their errors does not prohibit the fact that they may be justly executed, for the danger which threatens from their way of life is greater and more plastered than the slap-up which may be expected from their improvement.They also have at that critical doom of death the opportunity to be converted to God through repentance. And if they are so stubborn that even at the point of death their heart does not draw back from evil, it is possible to range hold of a highly probable judgment that they would never come international from evil to the right use of their powers (St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, Book III, 146). The sacrifice of rescuer Christ on the cross is at the centerpiece of Christianity. Without such sacrifice, there would be no Christian faith.Such sacrifice is also a form of capita l punishment in the sense that he aegir the sins of the whole world. Such sin therefore requires the death penalty and Christ willingly went to the Cross to satisfy the requirements of a just and loving God for the remission of sins. Although the Old Testament has a number of provisions for death penalty, the New Testament appears to emphasize the love of God. This has been seized by anti-capital punishment advocates in moving towards the abolition of capital punishment. magic 87 (NIV) of the Bible, which reads, tho Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her. is being taken as a passage supporting the abolition of capital punishment. In this regard, the sixth commandment is also being preached in a lot of churches as a prohibition against capital punishment. some(prenominal) Christians also point to the lo ve and grace of God as reason why capital punishment should not be instituted.Following this line of argument, it message that criminals are being given the maximum time for the possibility of repentance and redemption. With Gods grace and love, even criminals may still get a chance to reform their ways. Christian groups have versatile opinions and individual Christians do have the choice for their own preference and view apart from the official stand of their churches. Historically, the Roman Catholic church building veritable capital punishment based on the theology and views of St. Thomas Aquinas. The reason behind this is the way in which death penalty can deter and prevent crime.It is not a means for revenge. However, during the time of Pope tush Paul II, the Roman Catholic Church revised this position. This position was defined by Pope John Paul II through the distributed he released entitled Evangelium Vitae. As a result of this, the Roman Catholic Church now believes t hat capital punishment is not the best way to deal with crimes. Rather, capital punishment should be avoided except in cases where it is the only means available to sustain the society from the criminal or offender. given over the present situation of penal systems, such need for execution is almost non-existent.According to the Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church, Assuming that the guilty partys identity and accountability have been fully determined, the traditional teaching of the Church does not avert recourse to the death penalty, if this is the only possible way of effectively support human lives against the unjust aggressor. If, however, nonlethal means are sufficient to defend and protect peoples safety from the aggressor, authority will limit itself to such means, as these are more in keeping with the concrete conditions of the common good and are more in conformity to the dignity of the human person.Today, in fact, as a consequence of the possibilities which the s tate has for effectively preventing crime, by definition one who has committed an offense incapable of doing harm without definitely fetching away from him the possibility of redeeming himself the cases in which the execution of the offender is an arbitrary necessity are very rare, if not practically nonexistent (Catechism of the Catholic Church, no. 2267). Given this position, the Roman Catholic Church has affirmed the holiness of life through this position.Such position aims to affirm the dignity and rights of a person even if he has committed some crimes. The position promoted and choose by the Roman Catholic Church through Pope John Paul II is a revolutionary one and it is in keeping with the prevailing views in the world today regarding the abolition of death penalty. Depending on the stand of the churches, more liberal groups tend to be abolitionist, meaning they deprivation to abolish death penalty. The more conservative denominations of Christianity tend to support t he imposition of death penalty.Protestant Christian Churches also have their official stand regarding capital punishment. The Anglican and Episcopalian churches has opted a policy that condemns death penalty in 1988 through the Lambeth Conference of Anglican and Episcopal bishops. The United Wesleyan Church, as well as other Wesleyan churches all over the world has taken the position against capital punishment. The church says that it cannot support capital punishment on the basis of social payback and retribution.More classicly, capital punishment tends to be imposed more frequently to marginalized sectors of the society such as the uneducated, ethnic and racial minorities, the poor, and the disenfranchised. The General Conference of the United Wesleyan Church, which meets once in every four years, asked its bishops to oppose capital punishment and advocate for governments to impose a moratorium on the implementation of death penalty (United Methodist Church website, 2007). Th e Lutheran Church in America also opposes the death penalty.Such decision was made in 1991 through a social policy statement that the church released. The policy stated that vengeance is the main reason for the imposition of capital punishment. Furthermore, the Church believes that repentance, forgiveness, and redemption are necessary for true healing to be accomplished (ELCA, 2007). With this policy, the Lutheran Church joins the throng of Christian churches that support the abolition of death penalty. Given these stands of various churches, most denominations appear to support the abolitionist position.The interpretation of these churches of the Christian faith is one in which Gods love and mercy takes precedency over the imposition of punishment on the erring party. There are still churches within the Lutheran tradition that supports death penalty. They cite the stand of Martin Luther regarding death penalty and the way that this represents the justice of God. This also means th at churches are now more and more in sync with the ideas and movements of other cause-oriented groups in the society. As time moves on, the views of Christian churches are also changing.There is almost a universal consensus regarding the importance of abolishing death penalty. For Christians, however, there are important issues at stake. This also concerns the emphasis on Gods justice, or Gods love. This also has an implication on the advocacies and ministries of Christian Churches. Traditionally, Christianity has accentuate the justice and the holiness of God and the way in which humans diminish short of this. Moreover, justice means equality for all and that people get what they deserve. Given this framework of understanding, capital punishment is necessary.In recent years, however, there has been an emphasis on Gods love and grace. This means that the churches have redefined their role to dispense grace and promote forgiveness, healing, and reconciliation. This does not sit wel l, however, for the advocates of capital punishment. Because the major denominations such as the Roman Catholic Church, the United Methodist Church, and the Lutheran church have worldwide presence, this means that the abolitionist spot has a better chance to be propagated all over the world.In this regard, the Christian church is working hand in hand with the United Nations, Amnesty International, and other human rights groups in promoting the dignity of humans. If the advocacy of rights groups and the churches succeed, this means that more and more countries might forego the capital punishment in the coming years. The effects of this on the incidence of crime and the social and governing body policy of governments all over the world remain to be seen.

Group Behavior in the Workplace

convocation Behavior in the Workplace Antoinette T Harris brass instrumental Behavior, MGT 412 Instructor Nikki Follis December 7, 2010 Group Behavior in the Workplace unveiling Group Behavior is well defined as, situations that everyows people to interact in large or sm whole sorts. These someone(a)s functional together may let down to coordinate their fashion by acting in a genuine sort to achieve a closing that differs from what altogether(prenominal) person would do if acting alone. Group dynamics, combined with great attractionship or focusing, basin achieve goals that ar rigid for organizational success.The organizations social systems are do up of many complex sets of human behavior and kinds that interact in many ways within the figureplace and also in the businesses man they face every day. These work hosts give the bounce be comprised of like-minded unmarrieds, a diverse stem of individuals, or a group of specialized sure-handed individuals wh o are developed by vigilance to achieve one unwashedality goal in the organization or project at hand. equilibrate the rights of from each one(prenominal) individual in the workplace is some periods difficult for the employer since nearly organizational goals are set to be achieved by means of group effort.People take away to pass dependent on established cultural systems that gives each individual st force, recogniseing, security, and the ability to respond to any given situation. on the job(p) Groups impose legitimate expectations and rules on each individual particle of the team up which locoweed expose the weaker members lack of shared responsibilities. This fundament affect the work teams set goals that must be met by everyone involved in the groups effort to get every detail finished and accomplished. Employers views on Group BehaviorQuality heed Systems within the workplace will become the rouge element that will measure the success or failure of an organ ization. somebody attitudes within the workplace screw reflect a persons likes/dislikes toward other co-workers and management within his or her works environment. Supervisors and managers must go unwrap how workplace group behavior can be inspired to increase yieldiveness, motivation and product quality by establishing a secure and unchangeable group environment that can be managed rough-and-readyly and minim wholey.The Manager doer relationship is usually influenced by managements egoistic inevitably that are mainly governed by two types the drives that relate to the leaders reputation, such as recognition, status, respect of associates, and appreciation and those that relate to self-confidence, achievement, stopping point making, self-esteem and k immediatelyledge. Management is non usually designed to admirer employees match their human needs in a manner that will spend a penny healthy working environments.If management and high level leadership in the corporate world will develop more like minded, working group environments employees will experience fewer frustrations and will pay more time and commitment to their issue processes. These motivating factors I agree listed would be aimed to benefit the organization as a whole and not slow down productivity through dis-satisfied and non-productive employees. 1. Altruism is disturbanceed with cosmos of overhaul to other people. Help of a practical nature can be a psychological or emotional kind. . Productivity strength managed by a productive management team will stand by minimize the working relationship gap that will usually pull round between average employees and productive employees. 3. Self-Development This motive can show concern by helping to develop individual skills and abilities that can be use as a plus in the working group. 4. Team structure Events Managers who schedule team mental synthesis events will see more productivity and motivation in their groups efforts to achieve its goals. 5.Staff morale This motivator will help management build their teams and groups rough-and-readyly, if they practice boosting morale within the working group environments. High morale is one of the major components in the workforce. Traditional Management is no longer practiced within todays workforce. This entitle of management focuses on using the majority of the time working with and through people. The working individual now has to become a skillful psychologist, since virtually of what people do on a daily basis, is shaping the behavior of others.Whether you are a manger or subordinate, you are only made as a group effort if each individual has skills at motivation, interpersonal influence, working together with peers, substantially communication with individuals and superiors. Managers are reflections on each working individual and their style of leadership will check out the quality of groups they orchestrate to build organizational power, growth and success. New management styles tend to base their success on feedback from individuals bottom line performance.Management believes that everyones performance is great and should be aligned with the organizations values, vision, and strategic priorities. The Employees View Todays corporate world calls for utile and in effect(p) working professionals that will go beyond their comfort zones to build good working interpersonal relationships at work that help all workers understand their role and target goals that contributes to the strategic vision of the organization.Healthy interpersonal relationships in team members will enhance favorable working environments and keep morale unanimous as teamwork carry on toward one joint goal. The culture of an organization is a very important and powerful element when that shapes working relationships, work enjoyment, and teamwork progress. non every working individual has the psychological make-up that enhances the workplace and makes way f or an enjoyable teamwork environment. Some employees feel that working in a team group causes blurred vision between the self and others which causes a mixture of anxiety and false self.Working in close-knit work relationships can be unequivocal or negative depending on the culture of the organization and how management governs the project or goal at hand. from each one individual adopts a role on behalf of the working group which functions as a team looking to achieve one common goal. If a certain team member is not using his or hers interpersonal relationship skills, then the goal of the team can be hindered and unprogressive, leaving a negative impact on the teams functionality and creativity.Several issues emerged as a result of the employees lack of fulfillment in the teamwork environment. Employees who are not prone to building interpersonal relationships can assume a specially negative team role, or scapegoat role, where the team member can direct on the entire responsibi lity or guilt of the working group if they chose not to produce as required by the working group and management. Interpersonal relationships are very important when it comes to teamwork and legal production levels within the organization.Management should be aware of certain individuals that do not induce the interpersonal or relational skills it takes to be a good and effective team member. Team building events can be very effective when it comes to helping individuals achieve certain career goals and team building skills. Each individual brings diversity and creativity to the total work group, and should therefore be treated fairly and carefully, to bring a positive outcome to all working groups that are looking to achieve a common product or goal. Developing Group NormsEach employer has an obligation to ensure all of his or her employees are working toward achieving a common goal. This is to include any and all of the relationally challenged individuals in workplace. Some of th ese employees may not already be accept as interpersonally challenged workers, and may need a personal assessment performed to rate the degree of his or hers developmental needs. As the culture of the organization is important for productivity, the development of group norms should also be at the top of managements organizational goals.Successful communication between managers and employees can be circumstantial components of group interaction and functioning. Some steps that an organization can take to adopt group norms can be very effective in managing group efforts that will produce one common goal. First, a academic term or team building event should be schedule for all group members to attend. This should be fun, exciting, motivating and positive in order for each individual to learn their particular roles and specialty they will bring to the common production goal at hand.Once this team building session is scheduled and established, the facilitator builds on each team mem bers creativity and abilities to dismount a common working environment for all to build reliance, avow and self-confidence. A brainstorming session is vital to this team building process. This allows each individual to bring their personal thought processes and skills to the table of production. The more ideals generated the better. arrangement these ideas on a large white flip chart or white board where everyone can see, will build upon the common goal management has trade union movemented the working group with.Ensuring positive and effective communication and safekeeping commitments are very essential to teamwork efforts. Each member of the group is act to living the guidelines that is set in motion. The team should commit to confiding in each other if they think a group member is in violation of the agreed upon group norm. A list of all group norms should be distributed to each team member and posted in a common area like the teams run into room. These group norms that were established should be periodically reevaluated and implemented to ensure the effectiveness of the groups common goals and achievements.Keeping management updated and informed of the groups progress can be a big plus to each individual as evaluation time rolls around to show the team members how effective and productive they were in achieving the common goal that was tasked as a group effort. Conclusion Today, the major task within the working groups is communication and team building sessions that will bring everyone together to build interpersonal relationship skills with other coworkers, to show each individual the importance and effectiveness of working together as a team. One of the ost important things to remember when it comes to team development and team building is to consider that effective teams are developing organisms. Each team goes through stages of development the same way plants and animals do. The Wheelens Integrated Model of group development describes the evoluti on the group evolves through. The model shows the groups progression from im maturity to maturity in four stages. The first stage is modeled after a toddler or young child. These newly created members of the working team are insecure and unsure of themselves, the group and its structure.This new group will need instruction, guidance and direction to establish a routine that will help each member gain security and stability in their individual roles that will enable them to move toward their next stage. The groups second stage is analogous to middle school. These easy to recognize issues are prone to rear its ill-favoured head. Lots of disagreements subgroups and cliques emerge where some of the members will show discontent and bile toward the leader. This makes the leader frustrated with the group of workers since no matter what he or she tries to do, will always add up to wrong.Stage two can be compared to teen years. For leadership or management, this stage is critical in the t eam building adventure. This is the time to give each member the opportunity to take on a larger role, and not the time to fall by the wayside authority or rewrite the script on power. As the group matures into stage three, it will soon learn what it takes to accomplish the groups task at hand. At stage three, each working individual will have to give equal weight to what and how they will work within the groups efforts. This stage allows for individuals to fine-tune their roles and form positive partnerships and coalitions.Each member masters this part of the stage and the group can now move effortlessly into stage four. It is great to see working groups progress into stage four. They are focused on the process it takes to carry out the work. This stage characterizes the independence of the leader and trickles down to each individual that is working toward the goal of completion. The team learns delegation skills from the leader and this relationship now resembles that of the adu lt-child or older parent relationship. The leader is dedicated and consulted as needed, for clarification and feedback that results in the final decision of the group.As working groups learn what it takes to work together effectively, this incorporate model of group development will help organizations to achieve effective teams that are armed with knowledge, interpersonal skills, individual creativity that allows everyone to work together. Working as a team will help build effective products and services that will show a quality that cannot be produced by one person, but built upon by an effective group of individuals who learned how to come together to achieve one common organizational goal.Works CitedGroup Behavior and Psychoanalysis. Changing Minds and Persuasion How We Change What Others Think, Believe, Feel and Do. Syque 2002-2010. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http//changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/articles/group_psychoanalysis. htm.

Itchy and Scratchy cartoon Essay

The purpose of this study is to discuss the extent to which The Simpsons is lesson of Ameri cannister family and social values. I will discuss how each atom of the Simpsons family behaves, as puff up as highlighting what may be socially expected of them. Secondly, I will examine how the Simpsons family interacts with the surrounding community, concentrating particularly on the images that they portray. In order to do this, I will examine the perpetual codes and conventions of the series to show how the characters work together in the self-coloured object of thingsIntroduction Set in the north-western Illinois town of Springfield, The Simpsons is an animated sit-com about the periodical tribulations of a disfunctional lower-middle-class family. The main family itself consists of the father, kor, his wife margin, son bar unmatchedt, and daughters Lisa and Maggie. Other family members allow Homers father, Abraham Simpson, as well as Marges sisters, Patty and Selma. Occasionall y, Marges mother, Mrs Bouvier, makes an appearance, and on hotshot occasion, Homer observed that he had an adopted older brother, Nigel.Since its official launch in 1989, The Simpsons has draw one of the originations most hot animated series, and has been enjoyed the world over by children and adults alike. Originally, the show occupied a space on the Tracey Ullman Show between 1987 and 1989, and was then called The Bart Simpson Show. Its extensive popularity proved so great that Twentieth Century Fox pertinacious it would be worthwhile to launch The Simpsons as a show in itself. In this format, the first episode was broadcast in 1989, and in this date there were thirteen episodes.In fact, the show was so immediately popular that a huge wave of cross-media production and merchandising took place, and this culminated in the produce of a single, Do The Bartman, in early 1991. Other examples include toys, comics, and calculating machine games But what is it about The Simpsons that continues to make it so popular? Is it Homer? Is it Bart? Or is it dependable the culmination of the shows different elements? These are some of the ideas I hope to cover in the course of this study. To this day, The Simpsons is still largely rated as the greatest of all the animated sit-coms.Since its release there has been a whole t rail of subsequent cartoon impersonations, ofttimes(prenominal) as King of the Hill, south Park, Daria, and Beavis and Butthead. Unlike most cartoons, the comedy in The Simpsons is not based whole on situational comedy and site gags. The characters themselves make the comedy, with their personalities, their uniqueness, and their own personal points of view. Having such strong characters means that the writing can practically do itself, and that is one reason that The Simpsons has been able to endure for so many years.Innovative comedy, including the neediness of a laugh track, makes The Simpsons one of the funniest shows on television. As we ll as this, a continual supply of hilariously stupid jokes also helps to occur the comedy running smoothly. For example, when Bart gestateed why he thought he was receiving money for nothing, Grandpa Simpson replied, I in effect(p) figured the democrats were back in office. Also, when the zoo director is asked if hes going to besides Ned Flanders from baboons, he replies, Ooh, Id like to, but if they dont kill the intruder, its really bad for their society. These are just a few examples of Simpsons humour. Simpson family analysis Homer From the shows beginnings, Homer has been depicted as a well-intentioned, yet moronic person. Homers virtually disabling senselessness is what makes him so funny. His job in the power space often provides much of the humour, as do his experiences at home and in Moes bar. In one episode, when Homer takes on a student from Albania as part of Barts foreign exchange programme, he takes him on a tour of the powerstation, unsuspecting of why a 10-yea r-old would show interest in such a tour.Later we adventure out through and through F. B. I. agents that the boy was actually a communist spy and Homer had unwittingly given him detailed plans of the stations nuclear reactor as well as some(prenominal) sticks of plutonium. In another episode, Homer and Bart adopt a unused son and brother respectively. In a subsequent fight shot with Barts new brother, Homer was punched in the face, and he throw and bent his back over a fire hydrant. To this he said, This is even out more painful then it looks. Another facet of Homers persona is his love of food and beer.At work, Homer consumes unending amounts of donuts, whilst at home his passion is pork, whether it be pork-rinds, pork-steaks or pork-chops. Homer also has a famous passion for plum duff beer, which at one point became so extreme that Marge challenged him to give up alcohol for a month. And he did. In another episode, Homer sneaked out of work half-an-hour early just so he cou ld take a tour around the Duff factory. Here he managed to consume one casket each of several(prenominal) varieties of beer, just to find out the difference in taste.Thus, his stupidity, combined with an stupefying luck, forms the basis for one of the funniest characters on television. Homer will manage to find the exactly way to completely ruin a situation and then, through sheer luck, he will find the only way to even off it. Indeed, he always manages to pull a Homer. Marge Marge is portrayed as the most straight-minded, straight-thinking member of the family. Past episodes, namely the one where Marge and Homer tell the children how they met, portray Marge as an intellectual, linguistically able student with great career prospects.At least that was the case until she met Homer. However, it cannot be said that Marge has not used her linguistic skills to her advantage. In one episode, Marge vs. the Monorail, Marge single-handedly battles to stop the building of an unsafe, fraud ulent rail line around Springfield. In the end she wins the battle, and the citizens of Springfield are congenial to her for saving their lives. In another episode, she becomes board with her housewife role and she decides to open up up a business, choosing a pretzel franchise to make her fortune.As well as this, Marge is the pillar that keeps the Simpson family standing. She is always the one who maintains the sanity and keeps the family going. She is the only voice of reason in the nursing home, as evidenced when she goes away and the household nearly collapses. No sooner had she left for her healthfarm weekend then the family began telephoning her to ask her all manners of questions, such as Barts question, where do you keep my socks? Her answer, In the sock draw. Another example can be seen in her crusade to ban the violent Itchy and pestering cartoon.This came about after she witnessed Maggie trying to stab Homer with a wound after she saw the same thing on TV. She continu ed her crusade, in spite of the fact that she knew Bart and Lisa were getting bullied at school, and eventually she won. Marge provides the theatrical role on which the rest of the family is based, so the audience can see just how bizarre everyone else is when in immediate juxtaposition with Marge. It would be strange to venture what the show would be like if this were not the way of things, as much humour is born out of the familys dependence on her.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Used as Evidence in Solving Criminal Cold Cases Perry Hawn

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Used as licence in Solving Criminal Cold Cases Imagine it is a charming spring morning and you argon walking along when suddenly a man wearing a ski mask and gloves jumps out from butt the bushes and your life is forever changed after this man drags you by your hair, behind the bushes, and issuance to violently assault you. By some miracle you survive the attack and portend the police. However, beca office this man was wearing a mask and gloves the police have no way of immediately identifying the perpetrator.You be leaven to the nearest hospital where they take swabs from your vaginal area in hopes to collect enough Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( deoxyribonucleic acid) to pull in a sample that undersurface be added to the Combined deoxyribonucleic acid mightiness System (CODIS) ( may & McIntyre, 2002, p. v). A few years have passed and you hear a knock on your front door. It is a police detective who has tell apart to your home to tell you that an arrest h as been made in your case base on a DNA stop made from a communicate swab taken from a man who was arrested a few geezerhood earlier for robbery.The purpose of this writing is to provide an argument in estimate of the June ninth United States Supreme Court decision where five of the society sightlyices sitting agreed that taking DNA samples collected from those who are venture of having committed a crime does not violate the fourth amendment of the establishment protecting Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures (Kirkland, 2013). The decision opened the door for police and another(prenominal) authorized rightfulness enforcement agencies to collect D. N. A. samples from suspects at the time of arrest so that the suspects D. N. A. can be customd to possibly solve shabby cases (St. Martin, 2013). Additionally, this paper ordain fence in that using D. N. A. as distinguish has two-fold benefits interchangeable it is infallible be motion individually pers ons D. N. A. is unique with the elision of alike births(May & McIntyre, 2002). Further, DNA proof has been used to solve crimes such as rape, robbery, and homicides. Additionally, D. N. A. offers law enforcement agencies new shipway of expression at old crimes by dint of the use of advanced technology, inter field of study and national databases (Hampikian, 2013).Deoxyribonucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid more than usually known as DNA is the building block of all biography beings. In humans DNA is inherited from your ancestors and determines your hair color, eye color, height, devise structure, blood instance and other personal attributes (Van der Sijde, 2013). DNA can be collected from any biological sample like bodily fluids and tissues (What, n. d. ). With the exception of identical births like twins separately persons DNA is as unique as his or her fingerprint (May & McIntyre, 2002). Infallible separate D. N. A. rovides foolproof evidence for several reasons inclu ding the one made by May and McIntyre cited above referencing the fact that each DNA sample is unique to its proprietor (except for identical births). Other arguments in favor of D. N. A. being sound evidence include the fact that new ways of collecting, storing, and analyzing D. N. A. have increased the biography of the collected samples do those samples viable years, even decades, after it is collected (May & McIntyre, 2002, p. 3). furthermore reliable DNA samples can be taken from any type of biological sample including deceased victims (What, n. . ).Uses of D. N. A. Evidence D. N. A. evidence can be used to solve a multitude of crimes, incarcerate the guilty, and free the innocent. In one such case the perpetrator of an aged womans rape and attempted murder in North Carolina was arrested because of the feloniouss D. N. A. having been collected from multiple victims at differing crime scenes. Ten years later a D. N. A. match was found after the criminal had been arrested for an unrelated crime, as a end point of D. N. A. evidence. This criminal nicknamed the Night Stalker (May & McIntyre, 2002, p. ) is currently on death grade after being indicted for three counts of starting detail murder, three counts of first degree rape, three counts of first degree burglary, attempted murder, assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill inflicting serious injury, first degree arson and burning of personal puritanicalty (State, 2003, pp. 2-3). New Way to answer Old Crimes Use of advanced technologies that allow smaller samples of DNA to be collected for analyzing has made use of DNA to solve crimes more palatable.You can read also King v CogdonWhat once to take a sample the size of a nickel (Temple-Raston, 2008, p. 1) now only ask to be the size of a pinprick (Temple-Raston, 2008, p. 1) offers a new way of looking at long-standing criminal investigations. Use of robotics to handle DNA samples allows for more fast processing of samples creates a more favo rable purlieu for solving cold cases (Temple-Raston, 2008). Further, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) is responsible for the creation of CODIS which is a roster of antecedent criminals into a national data database (Temple-Raston, 2008, p. ) CODIS links the DNA of prior offenders on a local, state, national and in some cases international level on tap(predicate) to law enforcement to help unravel unsolved cases (Combined, n. d. ). Right to Privacy Opponents argue that the taking of DNA from alleged suspects at the time of arrest violates his or her intrinsic right to privacy or that the police will use the ruling to arrest anyone for minor infractions of the law just to get a DNA sample for a possible match (Flock, 2013).In the dissent opinion Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia wrote Make no fault about it because of todays decision, your DNA can be taken and entered into a national database if you are ever arrested, rightly or wrongly, and for whatever reason (Flock , 2013, p. 1). However, medico District Attorney, Douglas F. Gansler, disagrees pointing out that law enforcement cannot arrest someone without probable cause and further states if police are genuinely interested in someones DNA, they could just go pick up their Diet Coke can at the McDonalds (Flock, 2013, p. 1).Moreover, the majority of justices on the Supreme Court ruled that D. N. A. sample accruement via mouth swab does not violate the fourth amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures (St. Martin, 2013). impoverished Until Proven Guilty Lets face it folks who are going through the court system are there because the evidence pointed to him or her as a probable suspect. In actuality, because you cant argue with D. N. A. , D. N. A. swabbing has done more to convict those who are very guilty of committing crimes. Additionally, according to numbers gathered by the innocence fuddle D. N. A. wabbing conducted after conviction has freed over 300 inmates who have bee n wrongly convicted by the court system under due process (DNA, 2013).Storage and sight Methods Opponents of D. N. A. collection would argue that the storage and collection methods of D. N. A. are outdated and unreliable. However, proper training and new technology allow for D. N. A. to be collected and stored without risk of infection of contamination. Training forensics experts to wear and change his or her gloves after touching each item vetos contamination. Additionally, storage of DNA samples in a cool, dry environment is another technique used to preserve D. N. A. samples. Other methods used to prevent the samples from becoming contaminated include use of separate storage envelopes for each sampling (What, 2013). Also, with the use of cutting edge technology like barcoding DNA samples (Hampikian, 2013) the storage and collection methods used for crime scene DNA are constantly improving and becoming more secure. Conclusion Technology is immaterial It convicts and finds inno cents. We must make it a regularized part of the system, giving defendants access to DNA testing and evidence whenever it might be pertinent (Spitzer, 2013, n. ). Law enforcement needs a way to protect society from the criminal element who are becoming smarter and advancing their aptitudes for breaking the law through the use of technology. The Supreme Courts ruling which allows for the swabbing of those arrested will help in solving crimes and exonerating the innocent. New and innovative technologies are making the collection and storage of DNA nearly fail proof. The modernization of the ways in which DNA is used in the criminal justice system is an ever evolving process that seems to be leading us to a more fair and just society.

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Nine

She was non the reincarnation of Katherine.Driving prat to the boarding ascribe up in the easy lavender hush origin wholey dawn, Stefan suasion to a greater extent or less that.Hed verbalise as much to her, and it was true, exclusively he was scarcely at a meter realizing how grand hed been write in code outing toward that conclusion. Hed been aware of Elenas each breath and move for weeks, and hed catalogued every difference.Her hair was a shade or devil pallidr than Katherines, and her eyebrows and lashes were aristocraticer. Katherines had been al closely silvery. And she was taller than Katherine by a good handspan. She locomote with greater freedom, in addition the diminutive girls of this age were to a greater extent comfort commensurate with their bo smashs.Even her look, those eyeball that had transfixed him with the shock of recognition that prime(prenominal) day, were non really the same. Katherines look had usually been wide with childlike wond er, or else cast downhearted as was proper for a young girl of the late fifteenth century. further Elenas eyes met you straight on, looked at you steady and without flinching. And sometimes they narrowed with determination or challenge in a way Katherines neer had.In grace and beauty and sheer fascination, they were alike. provided w present Katherine had been a dust coat kitten, Elena was a snow-white tigress.As he set past the silhouettes of maple trees, Stefan cringed from the memory that sprang up suddenly. He would not trim downk rough that, he would not let himself unless the images were already unreeling before him. It was as if the journal had fallen open and he could do no more than stare helplessly at the page term the story contend itself out in his mind.White, Katherine had been wearing white that day. A new white gown of Venetian silk with slashed sleeves to show the fine linen paper bag underneath. She had a necklace of gold and pearls about her neck and b antam pearl drowse transfer earrings in her ears.She had been so delighted with the new dress her father had commissi one(a)d especially for her.She had pirouetted in front of Stefan, lifting the full, floor-length skirt in one nonaged hand to show the yellow brocaded underskirt beneathYou satisfy, it is eve embroidered with my initials. Papa had that done. Mein lieber Papa Her voice trailed off, and she stopped twirling, one hand belatedly settling to her side. substantially what is wrong, Stefan? You are not smiling.He could not sluice try. The sight of her there, white and gold like some ethereal vision, was a physical pain to him. If he lost her, he did not hump how he could stick up.His fingers closed convulsively around the cool engraved metal. Katherine, how throw out I smile, how piece of ass I be happy whenWhen?When I command how you look at Damon. There, it was express. He continued, painfully. before he came home, you and I were unneurotic every day. M y father and yours were pleased, and stave of marriage plans. nevertheless now the ache time grow shorter, summer is almost gone-and you spend as much time with Damon as you do with me. The whole reason Father accepts him to stay here is that you asked it. yetwhy did you ask it, Katherine? I thought you cared for me.Her gloomful eyes were dismayed. I do care for you, Stefan. Oh, you know I do therefore why intermeddle for Damon with my father? If not for you, hed choose thrown Damon out into the streetWhich Im legitimate would imbibe pleasedyou , little brformer(a). The voice at the room access was smooth and arrogant, save when Stefan rancid he adage that Damons eyes were smoldering.Oh, no, that isnt true, said Katherine. Stefan would neer bid to take consider of you put up.Damons lip quirked, and he threw Stefan a wry stare as he moved to Katherines side. Perhaps not, he said to her, his voice demulcent slightly. only when my brother is right about one thing at least. The days grow shorter, and soon your father will be sledding Florence. And he will take you with him-unless you arouse a reason to stay.Unless you have a husband to stay with . The words were unspoken, honourable now they all perceive them. The baron was to a fault fond of his daughter to force her to marry against her will. In the end it would have to be Katherines decision. Katherines choice.Now that the subject was broached, Stefan could not advance silent. Katherine knows she essential leave her father sometime soon- he began, flaunting his secret knowledge, only his brother interrupted.Ah, yes, before the old man grows suspicious, Damon said casually. Even the most doting of fathers moldiness start to wonder when his daughter comes forth only at night.Anger and hurt swept by means of Stefan. It was true, and so Damon knew. Katherine had share her secret with his brother.Why did you tell him, Katherine? Why? What domiciliate you see in him a man who cares for nothing but his own pleasure? How empennage he make you happy when he thinks only of himself?And how bottom this boy make you happy when he knows nothing of the world? Damon interposed, his voice razor-sharp with contempt. How will he protect you when he has never faced existence? He has spent his life among books and paintings let him stay there.Katherine was shaking her boss in distress, her jewel-blue eyes misted with tears.Neither of you understand, she said. You are thinking that I can marry and settle here like any other lady of Florence. But I cannot be like other ladies. How could I take note a household of servants who will watch my every move? How could I live in one place where the people will see that the years do not touch me? There will never be a normal life for me.She drew a wooden-headed breath and looked at them each in turn. Who chooses to be my husband must pass off up the life of sunlight, she whispered. He must choose to live under the moon and in the hours of phantasm.Then you must choose person who is not afraid of shadows, Damon said, and Stefan was surprised by the intensity of his voice. He had never heard Damon speak so earnestly or with so little affectation. Katherine, look at my brother will he be able to renounce the sunlight? He is too attached to ordinary things his friends, his family, his occupation to Florence. The darkness would destroy him.Liar cried Stefan. He was seething now. I am as strong as you are,brother , and I fear nothing in the shadows or the sunlight either. And I fuck Katherine more than friends or family--or your employment? Do you love her enough to give that up as intumesce?Yes, Stefan said defiantly. Enough to give up everything.Damon gave one of his sudden, disturbing smiles. Then he turned spine to Katherine. It would look, he said, that the choice is yours alone. You have twain suitors for your hand will you take one of us or uncomplete?Katherine slowly bowed her golden head. Th en she lifted wet blue eyes to both(prenominal) of them.Give me until Sunday to think. And in the meantime, do not press me with questions.Stefan nodded reluctantly. Damon said, And on Sunday?Sunday evening at descent I will make my choice.Twilight the violet deep darkness of twilightThe velvet hues faded around Stefan, and he came to himself. It was not dusk, but dawn, that stained the sky around him. Lost in his thoughts, he had goaded up to the edge of the woods.To the northwest he could see Wickery Bridge and the graveyard. in the altogether memory set his pulse pounding.He had told Damon he was willing to give up everything for Katherine. And that was righteous what he had done. He had renounced all claim to the sunlight, and had fail a creature of darkness for her. A hunter doomed to be forever hunted himself, a thief who had to steal life to necessitate his own veins.And perhaps a murderer. No, they had said the girl Vickie would not die. But his next victim might. The worst thing about this stretch out round down was that he remembered nothing of it. He remembered the weakness, the overpowering need, and he remembered staggering through the church door, but nothing by and by. Hed come to his senses outside with Elenas scream repeat in his ears-and he had raced to her without stopping to think about what might have happened.Elena For a moment he snarl a rush of clear joy and awe, forgetting everything else. Elena, warm as sunlight, soft as morning, but with a core of steel that could not be broken. She was like advise intense in ice, like the keen edge of a silver obelisk.But did he have the right to love her? His very feeling for her put her in danger. What if the next time the need took him Elena was the nighest living human, the nearest vessel filled with warm, renewing blood?I will die before touching her, he thought, making a vow of it. Before I broach her veins, I will die of thirst. And I desire she will never know ray secret. She will never have to give up the sunlight because of me.Behind him, the sky was lightening. But before he left, he sent out one probing thought, with all the force of his pain behind it, seeking for some other strength that might be near. Searching for some other solution to what had happened in the church.But there was nothing, no hint of an answer. The graveyard mocked him with silence.Elena woke with the sun twinkling in her window. She felt, at once, as if shed just recovered from a long bout of the flu, and as if it were Christmas morning. Her thoughts jumbled together as she sat up.Oh. She hurt all over. But she and Stefan-that made everything right. That drunken slob Tyler But Tyler didnt consequence anymore. Nothing mattered except that Stefan loved her.She went downstairs in her nightgown, realizing from the light biased in the windows that she must have slept in very late. aunt Judith and Margaret were in the living room.Good morning, Aunt Judith. She gave her surprised aunt a long, hard hug. And good morning, pumpkin. She swept Margaret off her feet and waltzed around the room with her. And-oh Good morning, Robert. A little embarrassed at her exuberance and her state of undress, she put Margaret down and hurried into the kitchen.Aunt Judith came in. Though there were dark circles under her eyes, she was smiling. You seem in good spirits this morning.Oh, I am. Elena gave her another hug, to apologize for the dark circles. You know we have to go back to the sheriffs to talk to them about Tyler.Yes. Elena got succus out of the refrigerator and poured herself a glass. But can I go over to Vickie Bennetts house first? I know she must be upset, especially since it sounds like not everybody believes her.Do you believe her, Elena?Yes, she said slowly, I do believe her. And, Aunt Judith, she added, coming to a decision, something happened to me in the church, too. I thought-Elena Bonnie and Meredith are here to see you. Roberts voice sounded from the hall way.The mood of sanction was broken. Oh send them in, Elena called, and took a sip of orange juice. Ill tell you about it later, she promised Aunt Judith, as footsteps approached the kitchen.Bonnie and Meredith stopped in the doorway, standing with unaccustomed formality.Elena herself felt awkward, and waited until her aunt left the room again to speak.Then she cleared her throat, her eyes fixed on a worn tile in the linoleum. She sneaked a quick glance up and saw that both Bonnie and Meredith were everlasting(a) at that same tile.She burst into laughter, and at the sound they both looked up.Im too happy to even be defensive, Elena said, holding out her arms to them. And I know I ought to be sorry about what I said, and Iam sorry, but I just cant be all pathetic about it. I was terrible and I deserve to be executed, and now can we just pretend it never happened?Youought to be sorry, running off on us like that, Bonnie scolded as the three of them joined in a tangled embrace. And w ith Tyler Smallwood, of all people, said Meredith.Well, I learned my lesson on that score, Elena said, and for a moment her mood darkened. Then Bonnie trilled laughter.And you scored the big one yourself-Stefan Salvatore Talk about dramatic entrances. When you came in the door with him, I thought I was hallucinating. How did youdo it?I didnt. He just showed up, like the cavalry in one of those old movies.Defending your honor, said Bonnie. What could be more stir?I can think of one or two things, said Meredith. But then, maybe Elenas got those covered, too.Ill tell you all about it, Elena said, releasing them and stepping back. But first will you come over to Vickies house with me? I hope to talk to her.You can talk tous while youre dressing, and while were walking, and while youre brushwood your teeth for that matter, said Bonnie firmly. And if you leave out one tiny detail, youre going to be facing the Spanish Inquisition.You see, said Meredith archly, all Mr. Tanners work has p aid off. Bonnie now knows the Spanish Inquisition is not a rock group.Elena was laughing with sheer ebullience as they went up the stairs.Mrs. Bennett looked pale and tired, but invited them in.Vickies been resting the doctor said to keep her in bed, she explained, with a smile that trembled slightly. Elena, Bonnie, and Meredith crowded into the narrow hallway.Mrs. Bennett tapped lightly at Vickies door. Vickie, sweetheart, some girls from school to see you. Dont keep her long, she added to Elena, opening the door.We wont, Elena promised. She stepped into a pretty blue-and-white bedroom, the others right behind her. Vickie was finesse in bed propped up on pillows, with a powder-blue comforter emaciated up to her chin. Her face was paper-white against it, and her heavy-lidded eyes stared straight ahead.Thats how she looked last night, Bonnie whispered.Elena moved to the side of the bed. Vickie, she said softly. Vickie went on staring, but Elena thought her breathing changed slightl y. Vickie, can you hear me? Its Elena Gilbert. She glanced uncertainly at Bonnie and Meredith.Looks like they gave her tranquilizers, said Meredith.But Mrs. Bennett hadnt said theyd given her any drugs. Frowning, Elena turned back to the unresponsive girl.Vickie, its me, Elena. I just complimentsed to talk to you about last night. I want you to know that I believe you about what happened. Elena ignored the sharp glance Meredith gave her and continued. And I wanted to ask you-No It was a shriek, raw and piercing, lacerate from Vickies throat. The body that had been as still as a wax figure exploded into violent action. Vickies light-brown hair whipped crosswise her cheeks as she tossed her head back and forth and her hands flailed at the empty air. No No she screamed.Do something Bonnie gasped. Mrs. Bennett Mrs. BennettElena and Meredith were trying to hold Vickie on the bed, and she was fighting them. The shrieking went on and on. Then suddenly Vickies mother was beside them, help ing to hold her, pushing the others away.What did you do to her? she cried.Vickie clutched at her mother, calming down, but then the heavy-lidded eyes glimpsed Elena over Mrs. Bennetts shoulder.Youre class of it Youre evil she screamed hysterically at Elena. Keep away from meElena was dumbfounded. Vickie I only came to ask-I think youd better leave now. Leave us alone, said Mrs. Bennett, clasping her daughter protectively. Cant you see what youre doing to her?In stunned silence, Elena left the room. Bonnie and Meredith followed.It must be drugs, said Bonnie once they were out of the house. She just went completely nonlinear.Did you notice her hands? Meredith said to Elena. When we were trying to restrain her, I got hold of one of her hands. And it was cold as ice.Elena shook her head in bewilderment. none of it made sense, but she wouldnt let it spoil her day. She wouldnt. Desperately, she searched her mind for something that would offset the experience, that would allow her to ho ld on to her happiness.I know, she said. The boarding house.What?I told Stefan to call me today, but why dont we walk over to the boarding house instead? Its not far from here.Only a twenty-minute walk, said Bonnie. She brightened. At least we can finally see that room of his.Actually, said Elena, I was thinking you two could wait downstairs. Well, Ill only get to see him for a few minutes, she added, defensively, as they looked at her. It was odd, perhaps, but she didnt want to share Stefan with her friends just yet. He was so new to her that he felt almost like a secret.Their roast on the shining oak door was answered by Mrs. Flowers. She was a contract little gnome of a woman with surprisingly bright swarthy eyes.You must be Elena, she said. I saw you and Stefan go out last night, and he told me your name when he came back.You saw us? said Elena, startled. I didnt see you.No, no you didnt, said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled. What a pretty girl you are, my dear, she added. A very pretty girl. She patted Elenas cheek.Uh, thank you, said Elena uneasily. She didnt like the way those birdlike eyes were fixed on her. She looked past Mrs. Flowers to the stairs. Is Stefan home?He must be, unless hes flown off the roof said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled again. Elena laughed politely.Well stay down here with Mrs. Flowers, said Meredith to Elena, while Bonnie rolled her eyes in martyrdom. Hiding a grin, Elena nodded and attach the stairs.Such a strange old house, she thought again as she located the second stairway in the bedroom. The voices below were very faint from here, and as she went up the steps they faded entirely. She was wrapped in silence, and as she reached the dimly lit door at the top, she had the feeling she had entered some other world. Her knocking sounded very timid. Stefan? She could hear nothing from inside, but suddenly the door swung open.Everyone must look pale and tired today , thought Elena, and then she was in his arms.Those arms tightened abou t her convulsively. Elena. Oh, ElenaThen he drew back. It was just the way it had been last night Elena could feel the chasm opening between them. She saw the cold, correct look gather in his eyes.No, she said, hardly aware that she spoke aloud. I wont let you. And she pulled his mouth down to hers.For a moment there was no response, and then he shuddered, and the kiss became searing. His fingers tangled in her hair, and the existence shrank around Elena. Nothing else existed but Stefan, and the feel of his arms around her, and the fire of his lips on hers.A few minutes or a few centuries later they separated, both shaking. But their gaze remained connected, and Elena saw that Stefans eyes were too dilated for even this dim light there was only a thin band of green around the dark pupils. He looked dazed, and his mouth-that mouth-was swollen.I think, he said, and she could hear the control in his voice, that we had better be thrifty when we do that.Elena nodded, dazed herself. Not in public, she was thinking. And not when Bonnie and Meredith were waiting downstairs. And not when they were absolutely alone, unlessBut you can just hold me, she said.How odd, that after that passion she could feel so safe, so peaceful, in his arms. I love you, she whispered into the rough wool of his sweater.She felt a quiver go through him. Elena, he said again, and it was a sound almost of despair.She raised her head. Whats wrong with that? What could possibly be wrong with that, Stefan? Dont you love me?I He looked at her, helplessly-and they heard Mrs. Flowerss voice calling faintly from the bottom of the stairs.son Boy Stefan It sounded as if she were pounding on the banister with her shoe.Stefan sighed. Id better go see what she wants. He slipped away from her, his face unreadable.Left alone, Elena folded her arms across her chest and shivered. It was so cold here. He ought to have a fire, she thought, eyes moving idly around the room to rest finally on the mahogany dress er shed examined last night.The coffer. She glanced at the closed door. If he came back in and caught her She really shouldnt-but she was already moving toward the dresser.Think of Bluebeards wife, she told herself. Curiosity killedher . But her fingers were on the iron lid. Her heart beating rapidly, she eased the lid open.In the dim light, the coffer appeared at first to be empty, and Elena gave a aflutter laugh. What had she expected? Love letters from Caroline? A bloody dagger?Then she saw the thin strip of silk, folded over and over on itself neatly in one corner. She drew it out and ran it between her fingers. It was the peach tree ribbon shed lost the second day of school.Oh, Stefan. Tears stung her eyes, and in her chest love welled up helplessly, overflowing.That long ago? You cared about me that long ago? Oh, Stefan, I love youAnd it doesnt matter if you cant say it to me, she thought. There was a sound outside the door, and she folded the ribbon quickly and replaced it in the coffer. Then she turned toward the door, blinking tears from her eyes.It doesnt matter if you cant say it right now. Ill say it for both of us. And someday youll learn.

Global distribution

Online through Turning Marks 30 marks Objectives This perspicacity item relates to the course learning outcomes 1 to 4 as state in the unit outline. Students ar to form their accept groups and select their own group members. There will be a maximum of 5 members in a group. templetlines You moldiness use at least 15 peer-reviewed publications to support your essay.In addition, you will need to read and refer to non-peer reviewed documents such as kooks, trade journals and articles to substantiate your dissertateion. Length Maximum 4500 words Size 12, aspect Times New Roman. Double-spaced. Margin 2. CACM all round. Use the Chicago referencing style. You should debate a mature level of post-graduate writing. Transportation concepts and approaches learnt in this unit must be linked to this assignment.Students will be evaluated (as a group) in call of their capacity to demonstrate understanding of the key issues in the relevant books and applying it to the area f fare and dist ribution management under put out chain competitive advantage and optimal performance. Writing skills will be assessed. This Includes executive summary, Introduction, body, conclusion, high level of critical analysis and discussion of faculty member journal articles, supporting articles to the authors opinions and conclusions. Must demonstrate the width and depth of the arguments.A passkey level of presentation is expected. All name and addresss must be and listed in the reference section. SE illustrations, diagrams, charts and table to enhance your report. Check the Assessment Marking Guide (end of this document). Make sure that you can tick off the items listed as you are writing or reviewing your manuscript. Many of these marks are easy to get. Examples all references must be cited within the text, summary of main points, using the near referencing style. Check what you have done against the Assessment Marking Guide and suck sure they match closely.Use your spell check func tions. Proofread your document. Volume of international trade has increased multi-fold in the past decade. This has impacted on transfer infrastructure in many countries. The statement the essay needs to be addressed Discuss how Transportation optimization has contributed to increased efficiencies in transportation and distribution. Information may be drawn from trade, practitioner, and academic Journals to discuss this statement.

Lab motherboard

bounteous name and student old on all pages. All science labs nonplus to be done during lab time, in the lab room. Each lab has to be checked by the Instructor progressively during lab time. You must(prenominal) call your instructor to check your work and sign It whenever you reach the specify asking for the Instructors Inhalants or signature. LAB 1. Gather and Record dodging info Objectives Gather frame randomness by observing a governance use available softw ar tools to access specific system information Activity Background When working with a computer system, its a intimately idea to know hat components are installed on the system. This lab helps you invest some of the components as you gather information by observing the system and using system tools. 1. LAB SETUP You beget three systems that you arse work on.On your desk, the HP Compact 5700 system with Windows XP operating system and an Anted Windows 7 (Sonata Ill 500 case with the Intel desktop board DIPSOS an d Windows 7 operate governing body). Under your desk you bedevil another HP Compact 8100 system that is machine-accessible to the college network and has access to the Internet. For this lab and all other labs you will be working on the two systems located on your desk. Do not open any system yet. Inspect both of your systems. Do they have any Identification on them indicating manufacturer, model, or component Information?If so, describe this Information in the space below. 2. How numerous CD or videodisk bear ons does each system have? Does each one of your systems support? 4. What is the typeface of the mouse the systems use? 5. Open the case of the HP Compact 5700 system. How many internal hard drives does your system have? 6. How many memory modules are installed? 7. If you can state the manufacturer and model of the motherboard the system is using. 8. Boot on the HP Windows XP system and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 9. On your Windows XP desktop, twaddle S tart, then Control Panel.Double-click system to open the System Properties window. Answer the pastime questions. A) Which SO is installed? B) What is the version number of your computer Operating System? C) Does it have a Service pack? Which one? D) Who is the system registered to? E) According to the System Properties, what type of CPU is your system using? 10. Close all windows. On your desktop double-click on My Computer icon. A) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them? ) What differences, if any, are there between a list of components derived from the physical inspection versus a list of components derived from My Computer and System Properties? 11. Boot on Windows 7 and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 12. On your Windows 7, click Start, then Control Panel I System security measure I System. Answer the following questions. B) What type of CPU is your system using? C) What is the System type (32 or 64 bit)? D) How much RAM is installed in your system? E) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them?

Summary of leaders and followers

Summary of how to cultivate powerful follower April Wang English Composition I Professor Hampton October 25th, 2012 cultivate hard-hitting chase 2 Summary of How to In the article How to cultivate hard-hitting pursual, the writer Christopher Lorenz identifies that pursuit who could not follow a sight in the past is playing a remarkable role during new-made years, that is to say, since the pursual be fill upn into fully account nowadays, they be go to a greater extent in effect(p) and play a key role in the many.However, the author in any case stressed that he was not going to be possessed of a debate with any unrivalled who had great passion for drawship. According to the author, followers argon divided into five types in this article sheep, yes people, alienated followers, survivors, effective followers. In that case, few recommendations are too bring forthn to help foster high-octane followers. Truly, most of the time, we do not act as a loss leader only if a follower. Viewing that issue, Kelly, who is an industrial administration in Pittsburgh at Carnegie-Mellon University, did a research some it.Basic each(prenominal)y, it is separated in to five assorted sorts according to followers various qualities in Kellys study. First, sheep only do, if any, what the leaders let them do. They do not have their possess opinions and estimate on their leaders all the time. Yes people, obviously, are too a group of people who concern zero but the designates are given. Only when the leader is blind, this type of followers may be popular. Alienated followers are cynicsthey hold their own ideas which are always the opposite of their leaders and never drop them. Survivors depend on their traders tempers.Their motto is does any amour that nooky please leaders. Effective followers, who are probably only imaginations, are the most ideal ones. They 3 are not afraid of taking risks, for they claim that they have equal duties for their organizatio ns. Hence, Kelly provided approximately strategies to us to develop more effective followers. First, the most important thing is to create a common value which toilette help them massage toward a resembling goal. For example, give customers best services and make them tactile sensation at home. Second, aim for making independent and decisive followers.For instance, leaders can allow followers to speak out, which mean they can discuss scheme plans together. Third, leaders should be willing to share powers to others. At the same time, followers will have much more opportunities to make decisions. This is a just way to get everyone involved. Generally speaking, followers should be paid more attention not only by leaders but also by our whole community. When talking about this, I strongly rack up with him. Here are my reasons. First, evidently, in a company, only leaders can achieve nothing. Leaders and lowers hold each other tightly toward a common destination is a best way.Thu s, the author evidences us rough ways, which are studied by Robert E. Kelly, to make efficient followers. I also learnt it in my leadership class. An efficacious company of necessity appropriate followers to work with leaders actively to overcome obstacles. If the company is a manufacturer, it needs people to do a single thing day and night. Then, sheep followers are popular. Second, as we can see, in this article, Kelly (1989, Para 3) said, What distinguishes effective followers from leaders is not intelligent, ability or any other qualities, but the role they play.Definitely, everyone should 4 have the opportunity to take control, make decisions and give advice. They can choose someone who has a specialization on the task to help achieve the goal effectively, someone need not to be a leader, someone who are brave and responsible enough to take actions and changes. Last but not least, the time of being identified as a follower is much longer than being a leader hence, everyone has the necessary to learn how to be both popular leaders and efficient followers.When I was a freshman, I Join the student association as a leader in one of the student groups. At the same time, I also had a leader in the whole association. I should learn how to be benign to my followers, how to get along well with my colleagues, and how to be credible to my leaders. To achieve the authors goal, he does use some available writing zeals, but not everything is so perfect. Logos is the most extraordinary style in this article. At first, he apply two clear lists to confront us the different kinds of followers and the ways to achieve effective followers.Second, his langue is terse and perspicuous. For example, sheep are passive and uncritical, lacking in initiative and responsibility. Only one sentence can tell the main characters of sheep. There are also some drawbacks. First and foremost, I think there should be some examples, when talking about different types of followers. It woul d more clearly. Moreover, from the whole essay, the author used too much Kellys words. It would be better to add more opinions about himself. To sum up, I forcefully believe that followers are also taking a big issue.For one thing, no matter how scant(p) the company we stayed is, followers should be regarded as 5 equal as leaders. For another, it is strongly suggested that more attention should be taken on followers, since we are more likely a follower rather than a leader in a company. In addition, here is a virtual advice. If a leader is not willing to share power with his followers, it is hard to stool ideal followers-?effective followers.

Imaging System Division Essay

3 of them were* image System Division (ISD) change ultrasound and magnetic imaging establishment * Heidelberg Division (Heidelberg) sold high resolution monitors, graphics controllers and display subsystems 50% served ISD, 50% outside customer * Electronic serving Division (ECD) sold application specific integrated circuits and subassemblies. It was established as a cloaked supplier to separate Zumwald theatrical roles but now served outsider also* descend revenue 3 billion* Highly decentralized basis oversight* Division performance indicators were achievement of bud lead offed target Return on Invested capital of the United States (ROIC) and sales growth * Partially vertical integrated* Each social class allowed to out etymon the role imagery System Division (ISD) is going to impel new product namely X73The characteristic of X73 was as follow* It was a new ultrasound Imaging system* The product was faster, cheaper and to a greater extent twitch* Design was supported by Heidelberd divisions engineers at intact be of time compensation.To get a scoop out wrong for its component, ISD did a command which involved Heidelberg. Unfortunately Heidelberg program line hurt was much higher(prenominal) thanoutsider compevery, therefore ISD decided to buy from Display technical schoolnology Plc here(predicate) is the biddingSupplier Cost per X73 System () Heidelberg Division 140,000 Bogardus NV 120,000 Display Technologies Plc 100,500 The finis triggered a dispute since Heidleberg felt that ISD did non show a police squad work in this case.1. What sourcing decision for the X73 materials is in the best interest of a. The Imaging Systems Division?Base on the pricing structure X73 below be the calculation of Contribution leeway base on each suppliers bidding bell point in time Bidding Supplier Heidelberd Bogardus Display Tech equipment casualty X 73 340,000 340,000 340,000 cypher Material 140,000 120,000 100,500 Other component part 7 2,000 72,000 72,000 metempsychosis bell covariant star command processing overhead 27,000 27,000 27,000 Fixed cost 117,000 117,000 117,000 get along cost 356,000 336,000 316,500 Profit Margin (16,000) 4,000 23,500 In this case Display Tech is the best sourcing for ISD since by pricing at 340,000 per unit of X73, ISD would get highest pull ahead compargond to a nonher(prenominal) mountain passs. Heidelberg beseeched its exemplar harm to ISD which would give ISDnegative net.b. The Heidelberg Division?In bidding, Heidelberg has to rate how its competitors bid prices would be before determining its price. Hiedelber has to put only relevant cost plus a certain markup for hit to curry ahead. Bidding is a close price offer and the ethic is clear that there should be no more negotiation after the price opened.The proper price bidding for X 73 Heidelberg offers should be as followItem Heidelberg Current Bid Competitive BidDirect Material 21,600 21,600 transition cost Variable overhead 28,400 28,400 Fixed cost 55,000 Total cost 105,000 50,000 Markup (33%) 35,000 16,500 Price to Offer 140,000 66,500 Fixed cost which consisted of labor cost was not relevant cost for the bidding price since even Heidelberg awarded for X73 or not, Heidelberg should dedicate it anyway. As its capacity currently was 70%, there was no chance cost to be added. on that pointfore the actual depress bound Heidelberg could offer was 50,000. However that price would give zero profit to Heidelberg. To make the profit positive, Heidelberd could do several(prenominal) markup (eg. 33%). This profit was beneficial for Heidelberg to cover some(prenominal)(prenominal) fixed cost.c. The Electronic Components Division?ECD has been set as internal supplier whose pricing has been standardized to that purpose. with 20% marked up from Absorption cost.This was genuinely the proper transportation pricing for the political party in supplying to othe r division. Item ECD Current Manufacturing cost 18,000 Profit Margin (20%) 3,600 Price Component for X 73 21,600 d. Zumwald AG?Since Display Tech was the one who win bidding, from the makeing of X73, Zumwald would get profit only from ISD Division amounting of 23,500, as take out on the Calculation belowItem Supplier Display TechPrice X 73 340,000 Direct Material 100,500 Other Component 72,000 Conversion cost Variable overhead 27,000 Fixed cost 117,000 Total cost 316,500 Profit Margin 23,500 There are 2 more calculation scenario we could add if Heidelberg win the bid1. Heidelberg and ECD with current price offerItem ISD Heidelberg ECD Total Price X 73 & component 340,000 140,000 21,600 Direct Material 140,000 21,600 161,600Other Component 72,000 72,000Conversion cost 18,000 18,000Variable overhead 27,000 28,400 55,400Fixed cost 117,000 117,000 Total cost 356,000 50,000 18,000 424,000 Profit Margin (16,000) 90,000 3,600 77,6002. Heidelberg & EDC wi th conveying price, Price X73 = 340,000Item ISD Heidelberg ECD Total Price X 73 & component 340,000 66,500 21,600 Direct Material 66,500 21,600 88,100 Other Component 72,000 72,000 Conversion cost Variable overhead 27,000 28,400 55,400 Fixed cost 117,000 117,000 Total cost 282,500 50,000 18,000 350,500 Profit Margin 57,500 16,500 3,600 77,600 Analysis1. For Zumwald AG it was important for Hedielberg to win the bidding, since it would give back more profit either Heidelberg offered current price or delight price, 2. With first scenario ISD division would suffer for a 16,000 lost 3. If Display Tech win, Zumwald would lost 54,100 (77,600 23,500) profit 4. The first scenario it looked ISD would be the loser butin second scenario ISD would generate biger profit (assuming X73 would be priced at 340,000) 5. With the second scenario, ISD actually could review the X73s price its, since the exile cost allowed ISD to reduce the price so tha t X73 could cave in compete in the market 6. Vertical integration rules should be set up and applied in Zumwald AG2. What should Mr. Fettinger do regarding the X73 sourcing issue?Considering some factors as mentioned belowa. ICD has announced Display Tech as the winner.b. There was a decentralized insurance among the division that Fettinger has to be respect for c. credibleness issue of the confederation in the eyes of outside suppliers if Fettinger intervene in this case by changing the decision and winning HeidelbergMr Fettinger should let ICD to source its X73 component to Display Tech as the winner. It could become a teaching for him and management.However this consideration should not base on the amount of the business shaping which was estimated to be small, beca intention in my opinion for a competitive product such(prenominal) as X73, pricing was one of important part to success. If ICD could get any better price from other division, ICD may consider a lower price to t he market X73 and the revenue may be double or triple.Then Mr Fettinger has to gather his division heads with a standard policy on transfer price among the divisions.3. Can a system be designed to motivate each of Zumwalds division managing directors to take actions that are not only in the interest of their division but also in the best interest of Zumwald? Explain. It buns. The Top Management should set a transportation PRICES for internally transferred goods. However in decentralized governance such as Zumwald AG, the managing directors and his teams often have considerable autonomy in deciding whether to buy off or reject orders or whether to buy inputs from inside theorganization or from outside. Therefore the transfer pricing rule should promote a purpose CONGRUENCE among the managing directors involved in the transfer Please refer to the conventional belowTop ManagementZumwald AGECDHeidelbergISDComponents transferred at a transfer priceComponents transferred at a trans fer priceAssuming the transfer price is made, the transfer price leave behind not have-to doe with the companys overall profit, however it does affect the profit associated with each division. As a consequence, the trasnfer pricing policy can affect the decisions of autonomous managing directors who are deciding whether to make the transfer secure of productive inputs from vendors outside the organization Sales of finished goods to customers outside the organizationTop ManagementZumwald AGECDHeidelbergISDComponents transferred at a transfer priceComponents transferred at a transfer priceAssuming the transfer price is made, the transfer price will not affect the companys overall profit, however it does affect the profit associated with each division. As a consequence, the trasnfer pricing policy can affect the decisions of autonomous managing directors who are deciding whether to make the transfer Purchase of productive inputs from vendors outside the organization Sales of finishe d goods to customers outside the organizationThere are planetary rules that will promote Goal congruousness which are divided into scenario 1. No excess capacityThe transfer price = expending cost + Opportunity costOutlay cost standard variable production costOpportunity cost forgone share margin from the lost sales Goal congruence maintain because the selling company transfer its product to another division at equal price as if it sells to external customers. The buyer division just needs to pay for the above relevant costs. While Zumwald AG as the holding company would get benefit from both.2. With Excess CapacityTransfer price= Outlay costs (no opportunity cost to add) Outlay cost standard variable production costGeneral congruence* The seller will get zero contribution since it sells the product at its using up cost, to make it aim congruence it is advisable to allow the seller to add a markup to this lower bound in order to render a positive contribution margin * The buyer will get price at outlay costs which allow it to price lower to compete the market * The place company off course would get more beneficial since the both division could get profit. In this case if the transfer price policy applied among Zumwald AGs divisions, actually the bidding is only out to compare or there is no need to do bidding at all. Heidelberg should use the above formula plus a likely markup to get a positive contribution margin, therefore ISD will launch X73 on its price with sufficient profit which then beneficial to Zumwald AD as the holding company. General Transfer Pricing rule provide a good conceptual model for the managerial accountant to use in setting transfer prices and in most cases it is implementable. However when the general rule cannot be implemented, it is advisable to use a transfer price based on market price, costs or negotiation.

Running head: SPORT VIOLENCE Essay

furiousness is defined as the wasting disease of un middlingified carnal force, which causes or has obvious po decennarytial to cause terms or destruction.(Mchill) brag effect an turn up or just stir up of the farinaceous? Where is the decipher pinched among pretenders, fans, and media? With forcefulness existence so prominent in diverts to solar day the approve of the gamy is universe all over shadowed by the involve to win. Coaches, p bents and players atomic upshot 18 being instructed to win at solely live, these tactics ar because being glorified by the media and delivered by the fans as nice entertainment. The top three issues involving feature forcefulness is media portrayal, fan identity, and early days t turn f either come to the fore personnel.Media portrayal of dramas fierceness is understandn and read on both type of media knocked kayoed(p)let. be the constant replays shown on ESPN of a player getting rocked in a game really nec essary? Or how ab egress the top ten worst wee-wee-to doe withs? What type of message is this sending to newborn athletes? Media outlets atomic number 18 glamorizing athletes that argon usually the aggressive and cherry-red wholenesss on a daily basis.Yes, athletes argon being penalized for these savage actions precisely being re vie on ESPN 15 quantify a day really sending a message that frenzy is a detonate of the dramatic play and promoting force out to solve problems? On the an separate(prenominal) side of the argument, impression to dramas personnel by the media has stimulated efforts to control and proceed carriage by multiple fines and penalties. Also a juicy train athlete being scouted for a college sport burn utilize the media to subject the player and overstep an advantage to be recruited to the team up up.Spectator frenzy is subject in every level of sport. From early days sport to professional sport, security guards suffer control of their emotions and identify acts of abandon against players, bus topologyes, collide withicials, and other fans. There be some(prenominal) factors that lead informants to collapse acts of fierceness strong team identification, strong team loyalty, alcohol, and situational variables a lot(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a team loss or fans of repugn teams sitting in close proximity and instigating apiece other.While the h whizy that witnessers sire for their team is a affirmative characteristic and it suck in aims the success of the sport industry, the minus toll is that the passion john turn into criminal and abnormal fashion which egresss a room from the enjoyment of the game and puts others at risk end ireing their proficient to enjoy observation a contest by having their rightty jeopardized. However, all is non lost. There be policies and procedures that send away be put in bespeak to serve up curb witness forcefulness, unless it takes a commission from the top leaders of each one-on-one sport institution to take a stand against such destructive behavior.Youth sport craze is a growing c at a datern for all touch on. A double part of child divulgement comes from the involvement in spring chicken sport. The problem is what they are being taught from overzealous charabances and parents who push for the win at all cost. The young are learning to use spare disarray and pitiable sportsmanship with picayune repercussions. The parents and coaches are the extensivest issue because they providing misfortunate examples for the children. The honorable issue becomes whether it is estimable to hold surplus rules to early days leagues. The solution developed is for stricter rules or more than(prenominal) earnest repercussions for coaches, parents, and players. These rules are in hopes that they leave alone bring offspring sports back to a lordly atmosphere it was once created for, without p arents and coaches influencing youth poorly.Introduction period of play strength in the 21st Century has become a major ethical issue. From the youth level to professional sports, fans, players, coaches, and media are guilty of contri anding to this problem. version delirium is changing the way in which games are played, celebrated, and coached. Issues surrounding Sport wildness are not landmarked to the playing field exclusively are spread by dint ofout society. The major areas in which sport frenzy impact society are deep down the actual sport participants such as players and coaches the media, and the attestants. One of the major issues is that sport madness is impacting the youth of America. The youth struggle to distinguish what they see on tv and what they are foregoed to do themselves.They see forcefulness and think that that kind of behavior is appropriate so they be pee-pee similarly during their games and may coaches do anything to wear it. In fact, legion( predicate) coaches encourage furiousness and poor behavior with a Win At All Cost mentality. both(prenominal) raft hold sport media accountable for the growing issue of sport forcefulness because the media tends to glamorize and glorify violence in sports. When there is a flushed hit or a excite in a game, the media leave alone continually show the chance from some(prenominal) angles. While the announcers might be discouraging the poor behavior, the return continues to show it again and again instead of cutting to commentary or a commercial. Another example of how media spreads sport violence is the Top 10 lists of biggest hits, hardest knock outs, or most bruising pitches.The problem is that violence sells and the producers jockey it which leads to another issue in sport violence the spectators. Spectators love observation the flushed hits and the hardest knockouts over and over. Just as a bad simple machine wreck pull aheads everyone stop and look, violence in sport s catches great deals attending and invokes an excited response. Therefore, the spectators response to the media is cyclical and they both drive each other. Additional concerns of spectators and sport violence is the emotional ties that individuals feel to their team. This type of team identification potty check an individual to commit their own acts of violence if their team loses or if they feel exist by a fan of another team. Spectator violence lives in youth sports, advanced school sports, collegiate sports, and professional sports. Its negative influence is overreaching and permeating. Analysis and DiscussionAre parents and coaches encouraging kids to use excessive force in sports in order to win games? Where is the line between a advanced play and unnecessary roughness? personnel in sports is a topic of galore(postnominal) sport enthusiasts and is an even large concern when it involves youth sports. The issue is dis rearing what is causing sport violence in the youth . There are a many outlets that help influence excessive force, media coverage of professional sports, parents and coaches with a win at all cost mentally. Is violence in youth sport a result of sport being to competitive?Youth sports were started to help develop childrens identity, material skills, social skills, teamwork, and brain function. All the positive effects are legitimate for youth sports if the concentrate on is on developing children and not as much on the score of the game. While there is a model for competitive nature in youth sports it should not cause unnecessary roughness by the athletes.Arthur-Banning cited scholars saying youth sport depose be apply to promote animationlong physical activity and enjoyment of sport, but only if programs are specifically designed with this intent.(Smith & Smoll, 1997 Weiss & Petlichkoff, 1989)(p.4). A large problem lies in adults who after partnot put aside their desire to win and therefore get out-of-control. This include s let loose at the umpires, fighting with other parents, yelling at players, etc. When children observe this behavior they believe it is acceptable to do the same. This behavior thence fosters more poor behavior for example, blaming others for their actions and not taking responsibility.The competitiveness permeating youth sports today often leads to exploding tempers, vile verbal assaults and sometimes clenched fisticuffs, placing the child in the middle of the melee. Finding the vestibular sense between the positive and negative lessons that trespass teaches is the key, according to Tofler.(Focus on Family, p. 4). It is parents and coaches job to groom well tempered athletes during their youth. In a get by Kerr explains four types of violence in sports which are serious to be able to identify the difference between the in orders to con the use of the violence. There is play violence which is just arch but is a concern when it escalates to crossness violence which is seriou s anger that is unpleasant. The third is Power violence with a serious purpose and tends to take the form of cold, calculated violence this is an excepted form of violence in sports handle boxing and karate but not football. In sports homogeneous football it would be unnecessary roughness.The fourth type to be aware of is thrill violence is usually provocative and spontaneous, providing pleasant high levels of matt-up arousal and felt negativism (Kerr, 2009, p.45). If coaches and parents are aware of the type of violence the athlete is displaying they can take correct measures to baffle it from snuff iting again. By having the adults support positive sportsmanship and avenge or discourage poor sportsmanship it give teach the young athletes how to respond to diametrical situations. The adults should focus on how to help their children control emotions during a game which will help the kids develop skills that can be apply outdoor(a) of sports, like conflict resolution. Ian T ofler, M.D. says, for the most part, sports reflect society today. He asserts that the American way of keep embraces assertiveness, aggression, but as well as resiliency.Learning such attributes from sports is essential in teaching moral and ethical learning.(Focus on the Family, p. 4) Sport can be a positive part of childrens youth if done correctly. Youth sport administrators should ensure there are guides to support positive experiences for children in sports. To fix violence in youth sports do- obedienteral rules may need to be in place for coaches and parents. Would it be ethical to put rules in place to give parents or coaches technical fouls base on their negative out bursts? Would it be ethical to eliminate athletes from a league for excessive use of roughness? Is it ethical to continue to allow youth violence in sport to go through and through with little repercussions?The issue in interrogation is whether it is ethical to institute extra rules for youth sports to help pr position youth sport violence. These rules would be straightawayed to parents, coaches, and athletes holding them more obligated for their actions. Cavanagh decision-making model will be utilise to decide the most ethical option.Using the Utilitarian hypothesis is the first step of the model. The superior good for the superior number (Cavanagh, p. 141). Facts that support more rules are helps kids develop problem solving skills, develop sportsmanship, children staying safe, children will understand in good order from wrong, parents and coaches will be punished for acting out, and the youth games will be focus on learning instead of just winning.The facts that go against more rules are games are less competitive, could embarrass parents, coaches and parent do not give feedback positive or negative, and athlete fool around in the game. overall the sterling(prenominal) good for the greatest number of people would be to transfuse additional rules. With additional rules it will teach children pregnant life skills they can take with them in the afterlife. For the parents and coaches they will begin to understand the game is for the kids to declare fun and learn. Sports violence will go down because if things escalate out of control the parents, coaches, or athlete could be thrown out of the game or league. They all will understand that poor actions lead to repercussions and youth sports will be what it was designed for, education and fun.The second step to the possible action is Rights, They enable individuals to pursue their own interests and they impose correlative prohibitions and/or requirements on others.(Cavanagh, p. 142).The rights that are for additional rules for youth sports are life and safety, truthfulness, freehandeddom of conscience, right of autonomy and Privacy? The players, coaches, and parents have the right not to have their life or safety endangered at a youth sport instance because of violence. Truthfulness supports the ru les because other players and coaches have the right to know the intentions nates a play.If the player was told to win the game at all cost the opposing team has the right to know the intention of foul play. exemption of conscience supports the rules because if parents, coaches, or players choice not to vex to the rules they will be asked to leave because they are violating the moral rules put in place. The right of autonomy side favors the rules because if the parents, coaches, or players do not like the added rules they can choice not to participate in the league. On the other hand the right of free speech, privacy, and autonomy go against the additional rules.Parents and coach have the right to criticize conscientiously as long as it does not violate others, giving them the right to yell at players, coaches and officials at a game. Parents and coaches have the right of privacy to care their parenting or teach style however they see fit. In conclusion the right that weighs th e heaviest on this issue is the right to life and safety. The additional rules will keep parents, coaches, officials, and most important children safe during games. The most important thing in youth sports is education and fun, which mean unnecessary roughness or the winning at any means necessary does not have a place in youth sports.The third ethical criteria for determining if additional rules should be put in place for youth sports, in order to limit youth sport violence is justice. Justice requires all persons, and thus managers too, to be guided by equitableness, equity, and legality.(Cavanagh, p.144). The parts of justice that support the additional rules are fair government, fair compensation, and fair intercession.The administration will uphold the rules consistently, jolly and impartially.(Cavanagh, p.143). Fair compensation supports the new rules because it holds individuals involved in the act of violence responsible for the injuries they have caused on the other ind ividuals. Each parent, coach, and player deserve to be interact the same unless they decide to act in an out of control fashion. The cons against the new rule are fair blame and cod process. Parents or coaches should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no control(Cavanagh, p.143).Parents or coaches might not necessary be responsible for the actions of their children during the game. Parents or coaches can make the argument that their rights are being give out by adding additional rules to youth leagues. Again the justice criterion leads to the addition of rules to youth leagues ground on fair treatment. If an individual chooses to act out they are setting themselves apart from others and therefore, should be treated in such a way by given them repercussion for their negative actions.A fair solution to this ethical issue of violence in youth sports is to add additional rules to youth leagues. The leagues can start by having all players, parents, and coaches sign an agreement to conduct themselves in a fair and worthy manor. In addition they will be made aware of penalties or repercussions if they do coach their kids to use unnecessary roughness or if they have out of control burst which will be determined by the officials.The penalty they nonplus will be based on remarks or actions taking by the individual. The officials will have the right to give out these penalties based on new league rules. The rules will make examples out of offenders to encourage others not to violate the rules. Lastly, onwards coaches are allow to coach a team they must attend a seminar or clinic that explains what is demeaned unnecessary roughness, out bursts, and other unfavorable actions. All parents will be invited to clinics and seminars but are not requiring attending unless one of the rules is violate. If one of the rules are violated it is mandatory for the people involved to attend with their child to the clinics or seminar. Violence in the media ha s been is a topic of great concern for many of old age to parents, educators and even medial professions.There doesnt seem to be many positive outlooks to violent television shows or clear events. There will always be the debate over wherefore some people react with violence later watching violent media being played over and over on sports stations and some do not, but the fact remains that there are only a a few(prenominal) good reasons to see so much violence in such detail. Mass media can be said to have a large contribution to the acceptability of sports and violence. The media plays a vital intent in sports and how its portrayed. Through the media exposure, many people to sports-related violence are tuned into the television, magazines, newspapers, and radio, thus providing many examples to children and young adults who may imitate such behavior.Violence with the media can glamorizes players, often the most controversial and aggressive ones. On the other hand, the expo sure given to sports violence by the media has stimulated increased efforts to control and interrupt such behavior by multiple fines being set in place and many penalties. One of the most recent events that involved violence in sports and media exposure is the Detroit Pistons vs. Indiana Pacers wrangle. A little recap of the accident was Pacers forward Ron Artest stretched himself out on the scorers table, where he was hit by a cup of beer thrown by a Detroit fan. Artest, followed by a number of other Pacers, charged into the crowd, throwing punches.The fight lasted some 10 minutes. Officials eventually called the game, and the Pacers were showered with beer, popcorn and debris as they left the court a chair was thrown during the brawl and a number of people were treated for minor injuries. Not only was this fight showed on ESPN for weeks, it was shown on topic news stations across the country and analyzed every aspect of it. The YouTube video of the fight received millions of hits and today is still showed as one of sports most violent brawls.In 1961-1973 a study was done by Ontario Royal Commission on Violence. On bonnie 15 hours of very aggressive and aggressive sports were televised per week, and in 1973 the average increase to 21 hours per week. The most obvious and over played argument would be the negative result of violence in the media and how it promotes violence to solve problems.By watching detailed violence, it sends a message that violence is acceptable way to play sports or be competitive. Some examples of how the media relays violence in sports could be by the constant replays of massive hits, slow motion demo every impact including the players distressed face, and even zooming in on the player that was injured. Shouldnt media outlets be portraying sports as dexterous and professionalism? Instead televisions are full of top ten painful plays or top ten hits or trounce fights of 2012. What message is this sending to athletes of ever y age? Smith (1978) did a study on how much violent material do young athletes consume through media.The results were about 65% of youth athletes attend pro hockey games 2-3 times a year, 53% said they read about pro hockey on a daily basis and 80% watch it weekly. Consumption went up with age. field hockey can be thought to be one of the most violent sports next too football with the legal fist fights. Smith (1983) asked put up you ever learned how to hit another player illegally from watching pro sports? and 56% of the 604 participants said yes. With a little over fractional of the people watching sports learned how to illegally hit another player during a game is intense. This could possibly mean the outlet of television or media is the reason why violence in sports in on a rise. It was reported by Sports Business Journal that in 1987-1988 the NBA had more fist fights than Professional Boxer Mike Tyson.Finding many pro sides for violence in sports through the media was a littl e more challenging. Receiving a college scholarship is almost impossible these days. Without the help of the media portraying them as the best of the best it would be a lot harder for schools across the country to recognize or even notice potential athletes. A defensive player in football gets his position by being aggressive and making important tackles, even if its a violent play. Recording these plays or paper about them gives an advantage to the athlete trying to get into college.Also, media coverage can greatly enhance the chances of violent offenders being caught. There have been several examples of players, who were not reported by officials during a match, being cited by sporting bodies, companys or tribunals after the event. Media footage has also helped track down culprits of violent acts off the field. Known by many, some sports are violent by nature. wadding is the obvious example, where physical attack is the point of the exercise. There has been much debate over t he sport and the media coverage for such violence this form of violence is indoors the rules of the sport and the possibility of injury is well cognise by participants and by viewing audience so by showing coverage of these types of sports are accepted and are not merely portraying violence as acceptable outside of the sport.The question related to media and violence is whether showing violence in sports through the media outlets ethical? Cavanaugh decision-making model will be used to decide the most ethical options. Utilitarian theory is The greatest good for the greatest number (Cavanagh, p. 141). Actions are evaluated by judging their consequences and weighing the good effects and bad effects and the attempt is to achieve an optimal balance of benefits versus disabilitys on those change by the action. Facts that support media coverage of violence is that viewers like to watch action in sports, violence is a part of the game, intensifies the game and may help high school ath letes get detect for college.The facts that go against media coverage of violence are too graphic, no need to show people getting hurt, violence and competitor are ii different things violence only degrades the sport or player. Overall the greatest good for the greatest number of people would be to allow the media to cover violence in sports. Now days people watch sports through the television or watch highlights through media such as ESPN. Some people only want to see the important plays of the game. Lets face it, the more intense sports are the more people will watch them, even if its a nasty hit, or brawl in a basketball game.Rights theory is the next step. The rights for media coverage of sports violence are truthfulness and right of free speech. Truthfulness supports this theory because the media have the right to be truthful in what they show and not shorten the media or certain outbreaks. Censorship is allowed but if a major fight breaks out is it ethical or unethical to s how it? Do the people have a right to see what happened? Under the right of free speech commentators and sports broadcasting channels have the right to criticize others as long as it doesnt violate the rights of others. If it happened in the game why wouldnt the media be allowed to play it and talk about it?The last theory is justice. The theory of justice requires decision makers to be guided by equity, fairness, and impartiality (Cavanagh et al., 1981). It relies on three types of moral prescriptions (1) that individuals who are similar in a relevant respect should be treated similarly and individuals who are different in a relevant respect should be treated differently in proportion to the difference between them (2) that rules should be administrated fairly and understandably and (3) that individuals should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no control, and should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by those responsible for these injuries (Cavana ugh et al., 1981). Decision making and argumentation based on the theory of justice focus on the statistical distributional effect of actions (Cavanagh et al., 1981). Under these criterias I believe it is ethical to show violence in sports throughout media.Though violence throught the miedia will never go away some of the alternatives I came up with were to limit the number of times a aggressive play is shown on TV and have a warning for younger kids that what is about to be shown is graphic so parents can decide whether its appropriate to show the violent acts.Over the old several decades, sport violence has become an ever-increasing topic in trade union America. The topic of violence usually revolves around athletes, teams, and the organizations themselves. For instance, Ron Artest, also ridiculously cognize as Meta domain Peace thanks to his name change, is more widely known for his violence than he is for his basketball skills most recently for his violent swing of the elb ow to the head of James Hardin during the last week of the 2012 NBA uninterrupted season.The New Orleans Saints publicity has shifted over the past year from the America-loved Hurricane Katrina World Champions to the America-despised Bounty Hunter team who offered inside bonuses to those defenders that had the biggest and most damaging hits to the opposing team. And netly, just about since its inception, the entire Oakland Raider football organization has been denominate as poor sports, violent, and unethical due to the organizations predisposition for everything that goes against ethical behavior. Traditionally, much of the attention has focused on the ones in the big spotlight, and only a small amount of attention has focused on the ones in the background, the ones who passionately follow and support the athletes, teams, and organizations the spectators.No doubt, spectators make the sport world go round. With the Sport Business Journals estimate of $194.64 billion dog-tired i n the year 2001, if it wasnt for the spectators, the sport industry would not be as successful (Chelladurai, 2009, p. 10). The shear economic impact of sport within our society is peakly important in driving the American economy, and with the excite permeation of sport within American society, spectators have the ability to make or break the sport. Americans love their teams.The passion and intensity that the success of teams creates within the spectator is unparalleled to anything else. The biggest sport stadiums in our country, The wide-ranging House at the University of Michigan for example, bring out over 100,000 spectators for each event. Nothing else in our society encourages this kind of commitment and participation over an extended period of time. The biggest concerts can bring close to that many people, but the concert only lasts for one day in one arrangement and then the show moves onto a different city or state. indisputable protests, parades, or political events ca n draw crowds over 100,000 but once again, the actual event is usually only one or dickens days and the difference between these events and sports/concerts is that these events do not cost anything to attend. For spectators to commit their support over entire seasons, year in and year out, requires an ongoing investment in mental, emotional, financial, and cognitive resources.This kind of relationship between spectator and team is remarkable. Few events in our society can compete with the extreme emotional highs that sports can invoke within ones soul. However, with the emotional highs come emotional lows. For the majority of time, sports have a very positive impact on society, but at other times sport has the ability to influence spectators to commit unlawful and unenviable acts of violence and aggression. It is during these times when sport has a negative role in our society. To begin the discussion about spectators it is important to have a fundamental definition. Nicholson and Hoye (2005) define spectators as supporters and parentsbench players, coaches, team, club or league officials, venue staff and general public within the view of the field of play (p. 95).All of these individuals play an important role when it comes to making sport a positive experience or a negative experience. The role that media, players, and coaches play in sport violence has already been discussed. The remains of this discussion will be focused on the individuals outside those two areas specifically the spectators known as the fans. There is the obvious physical violence that spectators can invoke on each other, the officials, the players, and the coaches. For the purpose of this discussion, poor behavior not resulting in physical violence is going to be included with the overarching topic of violence. Nicholson and Hoye (2005) define poor behavior as pop off language, abuse of officials, racial and ethnic abuse, sexual harassment, throwing missiles, drunkenness, pitch invasi on, and acts of violence (p. 98).These undesirable acts can be directed towards fellow spectators, players, coaches, and unfortunately officials. In fact, Nicholson and Hoye (2005, p. 100) gear up that the perception of performance of game officials was one of the key catalysts for poor behavior. Apparently, when things arent going the way of their desired team, spectators look to release their frustrations on something or someone and contest officials are the easiest target. Further, spectator violence is not hold to the times between the first and last whistles.Spectator violence takes place before games, during games, and after games and the violence can take place just about anywhere. It can take place at sports bars and pubs that arent located anywhere near the venue, or it can happen on the streets that surround the venue either before the game or after the game. Spectator violence can break out in the place lots of the venue during pre-game tailgate parties or post-game ev ents and it can also happen at the venue overtake/exit points, in the mausoleum, in the stands or even spread to the playing surface. With such a propensity for spectators to commit acts of violence and criminal behavior, venue and event managers are concerned with how to stop it or at the very least control and belittle it. However, taste the cause should come before finding the solution.First off, lets not confuse passion with violence. One of the greatest draws of sport competition in our society is the camaraderie created between players, teams, organizations, and fans. The passion and excitement created by this bond is what keeps people coming back day in day out, week in week out, and season after season. This bond is known as team identification and studies have shown its one of the strongest predictors of spectator violence. Its easy to point out the obvious individuals that are high in team identification. For example, Barrel Man is a historic enter in the history of th e capital of Colorado Broncos and the Mile High Stadium. Certain high schools have spirit squads that are front and center at every game and they have specific names like Kadet Krazies for the Air academy High School Kadets and the Rowdy Rams for the Rampart High School Rams both in Colorado Springs, CO.However, team identification is not always as visibly obvious as the aforementioned examples. Many fans feel a strong sense of internal and emotional relationship with their team. Either way, team identification is a strong variable in determining spectator violence. Wann, Carlson, and Schrader (1999) classified spectator aggression into two categories hostile or instrumental. unlike spectator violence involves violent actions that are motivated by anger with the goal of harming another person. Instrumental spectator violence refers to actions intended to harm another person with the goal of achieving a result other than the victims suffering (p. 279). This kind of violence is hig hest amongst individuals high in team identification and that experience a situation that is unfavorable to their personal desires such as a team loss. These two elements can combine to make an explosive situation at sporting contests.Consider additional variables such as alcohol, age of spectators, level of game importance (playoff game), and nature of the sport (football as opposed to volleyball) and the potential for spectator violence only increases. No matter why or how spectator violence happens, the ones involved are almost always perceived as hooligans, hoodlums, or deviants and whenever violence does break out it always puts a blemish on the image of the bad-tempered sport or team. As mentioned in the beginning of this section, individuals or organizations involved in violence are seen as unethical and looked upon negatively in our society.Spectators are just as vulnerable to the negative perceptions and are also seen as unethical individuals that detract from the spirit o f the game. In effort to determine the level that spectator violence is unethical, this issue should be processed through the Cavanagh Model of Ethical Decision Making. Three criteria are considered when making this finale Utility, Rights, and Justice.The fundamental principle of utility is that whatever makes the greatest good for the greatest number of people is the ethical decision, act, or policy. If spectator violence were to occur at every sporting event across the globe than one could say that it negatively impacts the majority of people and it is therefore unethical. However, when comparing the nub number of sport games that take place in the world to the append number of times that spectator violence occurs, the number of incidents of spectator violence is relatively small. Therefore, based on the utility criterion, spectator violence is considered to be ethical.The notion of rights is the next criterion to consider in making the ending of spectator violence being ethic al or unethical. Spectators have a right to enjoy a sporting contest without their life or safety being threatened. On the same topic, Nicholson and Hoye (2005) explained the notion of spectator violence breaking individual rights as this Poor spectator behavior can impinge on the ability of people involved in sport to enjoy a safe physical, social, and cultural sport environment (p. 95). In making a determination of spectator violence being ethical or unethical based on the rights criterion, one must refrain that spectator violence is unethical due to the fact that it violates individuals rights to enjoy a sporting contest without their lives and safety being threatened.The final criterion to consider in determining spectator violence being ethical or unethical is justice. Justice requires all persons, and thus managers too, to be guided by fairness, equity, and impartiality. Justice calls for evenhanded treatment of groups and individuals (1) in the distribution of the benefits a nd burdens of society, (2) in the administration of laws and regulations, and (3) in the imposition of sanctions and means of compensation for wrongs a person has suffered (Cavanagh, 1984. p. 144). There are several justices to consider in this causa fair administration of rules, fair compensation, and due process. In regards to fair administration of rules, everyone spectator is held to the same high standard of appropriate behavior. No spectator gets a special rule allowing them to act inappropriately.Therefore, fair administration of rules cannot be counted as injustice when looking at spectator violence. Now, in the event that spectator violence occurs, there are often innocent bystanders affected by the violence. Sometimes they are just emotionally scarred or threatened and other times they are physically harmed. In the parapraxis of physical harm incurred by innocent bystanders, these individuals expect that they receive fair compensation for their injuries and that the viol ent aggressors be held accountable for their actions. However, in the case that the culprit is not held responsible for their act of violence and the victim does not receive fair compensation for their injuries, justice is not being served. It can be assumed that the majority of time that a violent mob breaks out and an innocent bystander gets injured, that the individual responsible for that injury will not be detained or held responsible.Only in the time there was physical secernate convicting the violent spectator will the victim receive fair compensation. more often than not, injured bystanders are taken to the emergency room for treatment of their injuries and the perpetrator is not held responsible. This situation blends into the idea of due process, where an individual has a right to a fair and impartial hearing when he or she believes that personal rights are being violated. As explained previously, spectator violence impinges on individuals rights to enjoy a sporting eve nt in a safe environment without their life or safety being threatened. In the case that this right is violated and someones life or safety has been threatened to the point of injury or harm but they are not able to bring suit on an individual or organization due to the nature of the event that occurred, then there is a strict violation of due process.To answer the question of spectator violence being unethical or unethical based on the criterion of justice, the conclusion is that spectator violence is unethical. Spectator Violence is determined to be unethical yet unstoppable, but what policies or procedures can organizations put in place that help control or minimize the violent behavior? Nicholson and Hoye (2005) discuss strategies used to manage poor behavior and their identified strategies fall under 3 categories impediment, which are strategies designed to acquire spectators and develop a better culture Immediate, which are strategies to deal with poor spectator behavior as they occur and Post-Incident, which are strategies designed to punish or prosecute poor behavior after an incident (102).Preventative strategies include providing safe and secure entrance/exit points for players, coaches, officials, and spectators providing and displaying code of conduct packets for spectators additional education for officials on how to best handle volatile situations strategically place bars or wet areas to minimize alcohol generate violence limit alcohol consumption development and implementation of case rules and expectations and provide a more than sufficient number of event staff and security.Immediate strategies include removing the spectator/s from the event, cancelling the event, and the use of a yellow(a)/Red card system where a yellow card is a warning and a red card is a removal from the event. Post-incident measures include removing players that have a tendency to invoke violence amongst spectators, suspending players, and banning the entrance of spe ctators who are consistently detrimental to the game experience. There is not a one size fits all solution to curbing spectator violence.For instance, the Denver Broncos are not able to keep an individual from returning to future games. They may be able to prevent that individual from purchasing a ticket but thats easy to circumvent if that spectator has a friend buy tickets for them. The individuals working the ticket gate are not equipped to check every persons id so they cannot prevent the perpetrator from entering the venue unless they have specific knowledge that the perpetrator is trying to enter at a specific gate. Instead, venue and organization management should put as many of these strategies in place in order to minimize spectator violence and provide a positive safe environment for all to enjoy.ConclusionThe major points in this compendium report are the ethical dilemmas with violence in youth sports, violence through the media and spectator violence. Ways to help maint ain and prevent violence in youth sports are making sure the there are signed agreement for players, coaches, parents, administering additional penalties or repercussions for unnecessary roughness or out of control and finally running clinics and seminars on the preventative measures on violence in the specific sport being played.Violence through the media can be monitored by limiting the number of replays of a violent hit or fights and seeing out warnings to young children warning them about the viscous hits, attacks, fights etc. Finally preventative measures for spectators will include providing safe and secure entrance/exit points for officials, players, and coaches, having the Code of Conduct packet for players and spectators, educating the officials and event staff for handling violent behavior, strategically placed wet areas, signage reminding spectators what they represent, development and implementation of national rules and limiting alcohol and of spectators.Immediate meas ures for audience violence would include removal the violent spectator from the event, removal of players from the contest, cancelling the event before it gets out of hand, having a red and yellow card system and having natural law presence. Post incident measures need to include suspensions of players, blacklisting spectators and administering fine and jail time for appropriate circumstances.ReferencesArthur-Banning, S. (2009). Parents Behaving Badly? The Relationship between the Sportsmanship Behaviors of Adults and Athletes in Youth basketball Games. Journal Of Sport Behavior, 32(1), 3. HYPERLINK http//0-search.ebscohost.com.source.unco.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=36561074&site=ehost-live http//0-search.ebscohost.com.source.unco.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=36561074&site=ehost-liveBigelow, B., Moroney, T., & Hall, L. (2001). Just let the kids play. Deerfield Beac,Fl Health communication theory Inc. Coakley, J. (2011). Youth sports What counts as positive devel opment?. Journal of Sport and genial Issues, 3(35), 306-324. doi 10.1177/0193723511417311Conroy, D. E., Silva, J. M., Newcomer, R. R., Walker, B. W., & Johnson, M. S. (2001). 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